16 results
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
A urine K/Cr ratio ... • Diarrhea A urine ... Alkalosis: Emesis ... diagnosis #Algorithm #differential ... #potassium #nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Metabolic Alkalosis ... the indicated causes ... of sodium and potassium ... #Algorithm #nephrology ... #differential #
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Primary Metabolic ... Alkalosis - Differential ... #Alkalosis #Differential ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Nephrology ... #Causes
Hypokalemia Differential Algorithm
Acidosis
 - RTA
 - Diarrhea
pH Normal 
 1. Decreased Mg 
 2. Intracellular Shift
Hypokalemia Differential ... Metabolic alkalosis ... #Differential # ... Algorithm #Diagnosis #Causes ... #Workup #Nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Low intake • Metabolic ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes ... #potassium #low ... #nephrology
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
Causes of Metabolic ... Alkalosis: Differential ... • Severe potassium ... #Alkalosis #Differential ... #nephrology
Salicylate Toxicity - Diagnosis and Management

Consider if:
1) Patient is hot and altered
2) You see tachypnea with
no respiratory cause ... show anion-gap metabolic ... Acidosis, Respiratory Alkalosis ... High Lactate, Low Potassium ... Resuscitation 2) Urine
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
 • Trauma:
	- Immobilization
	- Crush injury
	- Compartment
Framework and Management ... Summary Causes ... Heat stroke - Metabolic ... Monitor potassium ... #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
(renal potassium ... (spot urine, calcium-creatinine ... ratio 0.5%) Differential ... Syndrome #diagnosis #nephrology ... #management #pathophysiology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Primary Metabolic ... Alkalosis - Differential ... #Alkalosis #Differential ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Nephrology ... #Causes