24 results
Hypomagnesemia - Differential Diagnosis
Renal Causes of Hypomagnesemia - Familial:
Bartter syndrome and Gitelman syndrome, Isolated recessive hypomagnesemia,
Hypomagnesemia - Differential ... with secondary, hypocalcemia ... pentamidine), Hypercalcemia ... Hypomagnesemia #differential ... #nephrology #magnesium
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
potassium(K) & magnesium ... A urine K/Cr ratio ... - Metabolic Alkalosis ... diagnosis #Algorithm #differential ... #potassium #nephrology
Approach to Hypomagnesemia 

Fractional excretion of magnesium = (urine magnesium x serum creatinine)/ [0.7 (serum magnesium
= (urine magnesium ... x urine creatinine ... Hypomagnesemia #algorithm #differential ... #diagnosis #causes ... #nephrology #magnesium
Hypokalemia Differential Algorithm
Acidosis
 - RTA
 - Diarrhea
pH Normal 
 1. Decreased Mg 
 2. Intracellular Shift
Hypokalemia Differential ... Metabolic alkalosis ... #Differential # ... Algorithm #Diagnosis #Causes ... #Workup #Nephrology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis ... - Differential ... (late) • High Urine ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Nephrology ... #Causes
Causes of Hypomagnesemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
GI LOSS - FeMg < 2-2.5% or 24h Urine Mg
Causes of Hypomagnesemia ... - Differential ... Diuretics • Hypercalcemia-PTH ... Hypomagnesemia #Magnesium ... #Low #Causes #Differential
Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Transcellular Shift
 • Recovery From DKA
 • Refeeding Syndrome
 • Acute Respiratory
Hypophosphatemia - Differential ... Acute Respiratory Alkalosis ... • Hypokalemia ... : • Aluminum/Magnesium ... endocrinology #causes
Types of Renal Calculi

Calcium oxalate
 - Interstitial apatite plaque, Low urine volume, Increased urinary calcium excretion,
hypercalciuria, Hypercalcemia ... Struvite - Magnesium ... , High dietary magnesium ... Renal #stones #differential ... #diagnosis #causes
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Metabolic Alkalosis ... Urine chloride is ... the indicated causes ... #Algorithm #nephrology ... #differential #
Distal Renal Tubular Acidosis (RTA)  Type 1 

Totally scuppers the kidney's acidification mechanism. Will be
diagnosis with direct urine ... Failure to acidify urine ... Distal #Diagnosis #Management ... #Nephrology #Causes ... #Differential #