10 results
Etiologies of Hypoaldosteronism

Hyporeninemic Hypoaldosteronism (Low Renin, Low Aldosterone)
 - Diabetic Nephropathy 
 - NSAIDs
Non-Hyporeninemic Hypoaldosteronism (Normal
heparin - Primary adrenal ... insufficiency - Critical ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Comparison #Table ... #Causes
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis and Screening Testing
Common causes: 
 • Renal parenchymal disease
- Differential Diagnosis ... at 4 h of infusion ... CT or MRI scan of ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Workup #table
Shock - Differential Diagnosis Framework
MAP = CO x SVR
Hypovolemic (↓ Intravascular volume):
 • Hemorrhage, dehydration due
- Differential Diagnosis ... failure, acute MI ... findings based on cause ... reactions, adrenal ... #table #comparison
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
diuretics, Saline infusion ... - ↓ Renin/Aldosterone ... ± Renin/Aldosterone ... only if no clear cause ... Elimination (see Table
Causes of Lactate Elevation, Lactic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis

The most common causes of hyperlactatemia are usually:
- Differential Diagnosis ... of lactate as a clinical ... / hypoxemia -> focus ... - shock->treatments ... before beginning treatment
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
 • Trauma:
	- Immobilization
	- Crush injury
	- Compartment
- Differential Diagnosis ... Management Summary Causes ... Dermatomyositis Clinical ... perfusionrenal ... #Management #causes
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
disequilibrium syndrome • Diagnosis ... Kidney stones caused ... Receptor Antagonists (Aldosterone ... Tolvaptan) • Treatment ... #Medications #Table
Fluid Responsiveness and Fluid Tolerance Testing - OnePager Summary
Fluid resuscitation can be beneficial when required or
lower risk of renal ... Thermodilution CO/CI ... cardiac output causes ... Tolerance #testing #diagnosis ... #criticalcare #comparison
Sjogren's Syndrome Overview

Epidemiology:
• F > M: 9:1
• 5-6th Decades (can be any age)

Autoimmune exocrinopathy multisystemic disease
Hypocomplementemia • Can cause ... salivary ducts Clinical ... thickening or effusion ... MALT Lymphoma • Lung ... Adenocarcinoma Treatment
Anti-NXP-2 Dermatomyositis

What?
DM with generalized subcutaneous edema
Pts have more myalgias, more severe weakness, and an increased prevalence
auricular papules Clinical ... Muscle atrophy may cause ... • Clear cell renal ... Non-small-cell lung ... positive patients Treatment