46 results
Multiple Myeloma and Monoclonal Gammopathies
C - HyperCalcemia- calcium > 11 mg/dL / >1 mg/dL the ULN
R
ULN R - Renal disease ... /dL or CC < 40 ml ... focal lesions on MRI ... Causes of false- ... amyloidosis Other causes
Restrictive Cardiomyopathy - Diagnosis and Causes
Clinical: Dyspnea, Exercise Intolerance, ↑ "Right Sided-Symptoms" (ascites, hepatomegaly, ↑↑peripheral edema)
Physical
Diagnosis and Causes ... Descents, Rales,+S4, MR ... Echocardiography, Cardiac MRI ... Cardiomyopathy #Diagnosis #Causes ... #differential #cardiology
Hydroxyurea - Pathophysiology and Benefits in Sickle Cell Disease
 • Decreases number of pain crises (
Hydroxyurea - Pathophysiology ... in Sickle Cell Disease ... number of pain crises ... Benefits #SickleCell #pathophysiology ... #pharmacology
Causes of Primary and Functional Mitral Regurgitation (MR) 
Causes of primary mitral regurgitation
 - Rheumatic heart
Causes of Primary ... ) Causes of primary ... Rheumatic heart disease ... : Most common cause ... Differential #Diagnosis #Cardiology
High Output Heart Failure - Pathophysiology and Differential Diagnosis
Obesity - Systemic Vasodilation, Vasoactive Adipokines
Arteriovenous Fistula -
Heart Failure - Pathophysiology ... Vasodilation Paget's Disease ... Vasodilation Lung Disease ... Differential #Diagnosis #cardiology ... #causes
Iron Deficiency in Heart Failure
Pathophysiology:
Chronic heart failure leads to an increase in inflammatory cytokines → Inflammation
Heart Failure Pathophysiology ... → Inflammation causes ... Ferritin <100 ng/mL ... endpoint of all-cause ... diagnosis #management #cardiology
CNS Ring-Enhancing Lesions - Immunocompromised vs Immunocompetent
Multiple Ring-Enhancing Lesions:
 • Toxoplasmosis (CD4 < 100)
 • Other
Compatible syndrome + MRI ... lymphoproliferative disease ... • Metastatic disease ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #radiology #neurology
Metformin Pharmacology Summary
Mechanisms of Action:
 • Suppresses gluconeogenesis by the liver
 • Increases insulin-mediated glucose utilization
Metformin Pharmacology ... agent • Does not cause ... Chronic kidney disease ... • Severe liver disease ... #Metformin #Pharmacology
Osgood-Schlatter Disease - MSK Radiology
Imaging Findings:
 • Infrapatellar fat-pad edema with loss of the patellar tendon
Osgood-Schlatter Disease ... - MSK Radiology ... Case description ... • MRI is more sensitive ... patella #clinical #mri
Arrhythmias - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
May present as: palpitations, dizziness, syncope, chest discomfort
Cardiac Causes:
 - Structural
discomfort Cardiac Causes ... • Valve disease ... tissue (previous MI ... ) Non-Cardiac Causes ... #Arrhythmias #Cardiology