17 results
Causes of Chronic Dyspnea - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Pericardial
 • Effusion
 • Cardiac Tamponade*
 • Constriction
Myocardial
 •
Diagnosis Algorithm ... Pericardial • Effusion ... Tachyarrhythmia Airway ... - Other • Anemia ... • Metabolic Acidosis
Dyspnea - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Cardiovascular Causes of Dyspnea:
 • Myocardium:
	- Heart failure
	- CAD/ACS
	- Valvulopathy
 • Electrical:
	-
Dyspnea - Differential ... of Dyspnea: • Airways ... • Pleura: - Effusion ... Hematology: - Anemia ... Additional: - Acidosis
Causes of Dyspnea - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Cardiac:
 • Dysrhythmia
 • Ischemia
 • Cardiomyopathy
 • Valvular disease
Diagnosis Algorithm ... syndrome • Shunt Airway ... Pleura: • Pleural effusion ... • Anxiety • Anemia ... • Metabolic acidosis
Tachypnea - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Definitions
 • Tachypnea: Respiratory rate > 20/min, shallow breathing in adults
 •
Diagnosis Framework ... Pneumothorax • Upper airway ... • Pericardial effusion ... Tachypnea: • Anemia ... #Diagnosis #pulmonary
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
(AG) = {Na - (Cl ... Diagnosis: Causes ... Renal failure (uremia ... Classically” noted with pulmonary ... hypoventilation) - Airway
Normal Anion-Gap Acidosis (NAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Workup

NAGMA
- Chem, ABG or VBG
- Calculate Anion
(NAGMA) - Differential ... Diagnosis Framework ... and Workup NAGMA ... Normal saline infusion ... #Diagnosis #Workup
Acute and Chronic Causes of Dyspnea - Differential Diagnosis
Pulmonary/Chest Wall:
 • Acute: Trauma, COPD exacerbation, Asthma
Diagnosis Pulmonary ... flare, Pleural effusion ... Tamponade • Chronic: Anemia ... Chronic: Metabolic acidosis ... #Diagnosis
Hypotension - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia

Hypotension is commonly due to unnecessarily deep anaesthesia, the autonomic
fluid boluses (250 ml ... #Hypotension #Differential ... Intraoperative #Checklist ... #Diagnosis #Management ... #Workup
Increased Airway Pressure - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia

Using these steps from start to end should
o Aspiration, pulmonary ... #Pressure #Differential ... Intraoperative #Checklist ... #Diagnosis #Management ... #Workup
Local Anaesthetic Toxicity - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia
Signs of severe toxicity:
 • Sudden alteration in
• Maintain the airway ... may help reduce acidosis ... Intraoperative #Checklist ... #Diagnosis #Management ... #Workup