40 results
Causes of Primary and Functional Mitral Regurgitation (MR) 
Causes of primary mitral regurgitation
 - Rheumatic heart
and distorted MV ... Destruction of MV ... masses involving MV ... Thickened MV. ... Thickened MV.
Causes of mitral stenosis
Rheumatic heart disease
 - Most common cause worldwide. Commissural fusion, thick MV leaflets
fusion, thick MV ... Double orifice MV ... , parachute MV ( ... or dysplastic MV ... induced - Thick MV
Progression of EKG changes in Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS)
Hyperacute T waves:
 • Broad-based and symmetrical, usually
depression ≥ 0.05 mV ... inversion ≥ 0.1 mV ... V2 or V3: 0.1 mV ... 40 years, 0.25 mV ... years or ≥ 0.15 mV
Systolic Anterior Motion (SAM) of the Mitral Valve (MV)

Systolic anterior motion (SAM) describes the dynamic movement
Mitral Valve (MV ... mitral valve (MV ... #MitralValve #MV
Stimulated
SA node
AV node -
Un-stimulated
#PQ
(mV) 0
ECG (lead II)
QRS
#QRS
#SA node
#AV node
#Bundle of His
Bundle branches
#Purkinje fibers
#QRS
#ST
Un-stimulated #PQ (mV
Oxygen Delivery Devices
1. Flow is a variable describing the movement of a volume of gas over
Minute Ventilation (MV ... influenced by your MV ... patient's flow rate / MV ... influenced by your MV
Pathophysiology Of Constriction
Exaggerated Ventricular Interdependence:
 • Limited Cardiac Filling due to Fixed Volume → Septum Shifts
→ > 25% ↓ Peak MV ... vasculature) equally → MV ... heart chambers. ↓ MV
ASV - Adaptive Support Ventilation Summary
Basic Set Parameters:
  1) Target MV (80-120%)
  2) PEEP
Parameters: 1) Target MV ... to achieve this MV ... predicted needed MV
Volume Assist/Control Mechanical Ventilation
How does this mode work?
 • Delivers a set volume of air with
receives a minimum MV ... need to monitor MV ... pre-intubation MV
Echocardiogram Windows - Nomenclature
Each view is described using three (3) components
1) Transducer Position or "Window"
Mitral valve (MV