10 results
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
irrigation • Management ... ; High-Ceiling Diuretics ... insipidus • Primary ... Prevention of blood ... #Diuresis #Nephrology
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic algorithm
Decreased renal potassium excretion
 • Acute renal failure
 • Chronic renal failure
 • Drugs
Increased
failure • Chronic ... Potassium-rich diet • Blood ... : • Primary hypoaldosteronism ... #nephrology #potassium ... #differential
Workup for Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Rule out spurious hypophosphatemia: paraproteinemia, acute leukemia
Measure Urine Fractional Excretion
Malabsorption, Chronic ... FEPO4 ≥ 5% - Renal ... PTH: Primary or ... Inh., Osmotic diuresis ... #phosphate #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
suggests extra-renal ... losses: • High ... ↑ Aldosterone: Primary ... #differential # ... potassium #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Hyperkalemia - Differential ... phlebotomy High ... • K sparing diuretics ... • Addison’s disease ... #nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Chloride Algorithm ... loop or thiazide diuretics ... • Normal/low blood ... pressure: Active diuretic ... #nephrology #differential
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Base Disorders - Blood ... Interpretation Steps for Blood ... Volume depletion (diuresis ... restrictive lung disease ... Diagnosis #Summary #Nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Hyperkalemia - Differential ... phlebotomy High ... • K sparing diuretics ... • Addison’s disease ... #nephrology
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis and Treatment
Hypernatremia is almost always due to unreplaced water loss (free water
Diagnosis is primarily ... urine osm (in DI; high ... Dehydration: neurologic disease ... correction of chronic ... #nephrology #sodium
Management of Pruritus in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease
Pruritus with no primary lesions - differential diagnosis:
Patients with Chronic ... Pruritus with no primary ... lesions - differential ... diagnosis: • Renal ... #Nephrology #CKD