18 results
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
dot/blot hemorrhages ... hemorrhage and ... #Retinopathy #pathophysiology ... ophthalmology #diagnosis ... #signs #symptoms
Uncommon Causes of Noncardiogenic Pulmonary Edema (NCPE) - Differential Diagnosis Framework

High Altitude Pulmonary Edema:
 • Accumulation
- Differential Diagnosis ... injury, cerebral hemorrhage ... capillaries • Criteria ... • Signs/Symptoms ... #differential #diagnosis
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
Hypertension - Workup ... and Differential Diagnosis ... hypertension and signs ... such as retinal hemorrhages ... renal bruit or signs
Polyarteritis Nodosa (PAN): Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Medical Comorbidities Malignancies (most commonly hairy-cell leukemia)
Immunogenetic Predisposition: patient is
Viral replication causes ... abdo pain, GI hemorrhage ... PolyarteritisNodosa #Pathophysiology ... #Diagnosis #Signs
Ascites - Diagnostic Approach and Differential Diagnosis
The most common causes: cirrhosis, malignancy and heart failure. Approx
The most common causes ... more than one cause ... dullness, puddle sign ... bloody fluid; hemorrhagic ... Jcortesizaguirr #Ascites #workup
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) Summary
ALS: combination of the clinical examination finding of amyotrophy with the pathologic
lateral sclerosis Pathophysiology ... - Causes progressive ... : months - Criteria ... : El Escorial criteria ... uses a combination
13 Dangerous Causes of Headache:
 - subarachnoid hemorrhage: family history, PCKD, known berry aneurysm, sudden and
13 Dangerous Causes ... - subarachnoid hemorrhage ... at home or at work ... thrombophilia, neurologic signs ... postpartum #Diagnosis
Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD): Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 - For diagnosis, must have either 26
their turn • Causes ... finish assigned work ... BehavioralDisorder #Pathophysiology ... #signs #psychiatry ... #criteria
Heat Illnesses and Heat Stroke - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Heat Cramps:
 • Muscle pain or spasm -
- Differential Diagnosis ... Collapse: • Pathophysiology ... → Syncope • Signs ... heat stress • Criteria ... #causes #stroke
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (PBC) - Summary

PBC Epidemiology:
 • Female:Male 9:1
 • Common European descent
 • Age:
65 years PBC Pathophysiology ... intralobular bile ducts causes ... failure PBC Signs ... Differential Diagnosis ... #workup #hepatology