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nephrology diagnosis differential causes management alkalosis hyperkalemia acidosis aniongap chloride comparison effects gitelman hyponatremia icucard kidney lactated low lr nephrolithiasis
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis • Kidney loss of Cl-
Urinary Chloride Algorithm ... acidosis • Chronic ... sodium is typically ... and potassium acid ... #Algorithm #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Algorithm Before ... treated with IV potassium ... A urine K/Cr ratio ... • Diarrhea A urine ... #nephrology #low
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic algorithm Decreased renal potassium excretion • Acute renal failure • Chronic renal failure • Drugs Increased
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic ... algorithm Decreased ... excretion • Acute ... renal failure • Chronic ... #nephrology #potassium
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis: • Lactic acidosis
Non-anion Gap Metabolic ... Renal failure (acute ... and chronic) Causes ... Chronic progressive ... Potassium-sparing
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Hypovolemia, UNa ... tubal acidosis and metabolic ... UNa > 20: • Acute ... or chronic renal ... #Causes #nephrology
Management of Pediatric Kidney Stones Acute Managment: • Pain relief: NSAIDs, opioids • Facilitating passage of stone:
Kidney Stones Acute ... • Can consider medical ... Surgical Rx: • ACUTE ... protein - Low sodium ... Management #Pediatrics #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview What? • Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter • Gitelman's syndrome
thiazide-sensitive sodium ... thiazide-sensitive sodium ... (renal potassium ... Hypochloremic metabolic ... Hypocalciuria (spot urine
Lactated Ringers (LR) vs Normal Saline (NS) - Comparison Composition of LR: • Sodium 130 mEq/L •
130 mEq/L • Potassium ... development of metabolic ... states such as acute ... Is Dangerous in Hyperkalemia ... Decreased GFR, urine
Algorithm for Management of Acute and Chronic Hyperkalemia Acute Hyperkalemia: - IV calcium (10 mL of 10%)
Algorithm for Management ... of Acute and Chronic ... Hyperkalemia Acute ... #Acute #Chronic ... #treatment #nephrology
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L • Gastric alkalosis:
postchronic hypercapnia (acute ... reversal of chronic ... dehydrogenase activity: Chronic ... other • Severe potassium ... Diagnosis #Causes #nephrology
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