13 results
Approach to the A-a Gradient
A-a gradient = PAO2 - PaO2
A-a gradient = [FiO2 x (Patm -
AVMs, Hepatopulmonary ... Embolism, Obstructive Lung ... , Interstitial Lung ... #Hypoxia #hypoxemia ... #differential #diagnosis
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome (HPS) 

HPS-differential diagnosis:
1. Pulmonary vasculature
2. Diseases of the lung parenchyma
3. Pleura and diaphragm

HPS-diagnosis:
1. Patients
Hepatopulmonary ... Pulmonary vasculature ... Diseases of the lung ... Alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient ... HPS-severity classification
Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure - Differential Diagnosis Framework
DECREASED INSPIRED OXYGEN
 • Low PATM Can decrease first part
- Differential Diagnosis ... direction leads to hypoxemia ... AVMs, hepatopulmonary ... Respiratory #Failure #hypoxia ... #Differential #Diagnosis
GOLD2017 - The refined ABCD assessment tool. FEV1: forced expiratory volume in 1 s; FVC: forced vital
- The refined ABCD ... Chronic Obstructive Lung ... #Diagnosis #Pulmonary ... GOLD2017 #Staging #Grading ... #Classification
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome - Diagnosis and Management Summary
A defect in arterial oxygenation due to a gas exchange
Hepatopulmonary ... upright position • Hypoxemia ... Arterial blood gas (ABC ... Quantifies degree of hypoxemia ... 80mmHg or A-a gradient
Clinical Classification of Pulmonary Hypertension

1. Pulmonary arterial hypertension from pulmonary vasculopathy
Idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension
Heritable gene mutations
Clinical Classification ... due to lung disease ... and/or hypoxia ... Interstitial lung ... #Diagnosis #Differential
Pulmonary Hypertension Groups - WHO Classification
Group I - Vascular remodeling of pulmonary arteries
 • Idiopathic, HIV,
Groups - WHO Classification ... III - Chronic lung ... disease causing hypoxemia ... PH Functional Classification ... #diagnosis
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome – ARDS: Clinical Cheat Sheet

An acute diffuse, inflammatory lung injury, leading to
injury, leading ... to increased pulmonary ... congestion with hypoxemia ... consistent with pulmonary ... Summary #CheatSheet #Diagnosis
Bronchiectasis - Summary

What?
• Bronchiectasis is derived from the Greek words bronckos meaning airway and ectasis meaning
Chronic cough • Hypoxia ... polycythemia from chronic hypoxia ... in the adjacent lung ... of the affected lung ... parenchyma Diagnosis
Shock Types - Classification
State of cellular and tissue hypoxia due to: reduced oxygen delivery, increased oxygen
Shock Types - Classification ... cellular and tissue hypoxia ... embolism or severe pulmonary ... Hemorrhagic → leading ... #types #diagnosis