11 results
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome (HPS) 

HPS-differential diagnosis:
1. Pulmonary vasculature
2. Diseases of the lung parenchyma
3. Pleura and diaphragm

HPS-diagnosis:
1. Patients
Syndrome (HPS) ... Diseases of the lung ... Alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient ... classification ... #Syndrome #HPS
Approach to the A-a Gradient
A-a gradient = PAO2 - PaO2
A-a gradient = [FiO2 x (Patm -
Hypoventilation Syndrome ... AVMs, Hepatopulmonary ... Syndrome - ... , Interstitial Lung ... #Hypoxia #hypoxemia
Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure - Differential Diagnosis Framework
DECREASED INSPIRED OXYGEN
 • Low PATM Can decrease first part
obesity-hypoventilation syndrome ... direction leads to hypoxemia ... AVMs, hepatopulmonary ... syndrome), intracardiac ... Respiratory #Failure #hypoxia
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome - Diagnosis and Management Summary
A defect in arterial oxygenation due to a gas exchange
Hepatopulmonary ... upright position • Hypoxemia ... Arterial blood gas (ABC ... Quantifies degree of hypoxemia ... 80mmHg or A-a gradient
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome – ARDS: Clinical Cheat Sheet

An acute diffuse, inflammatory lung injury, leading to
Respiratory Distress Syndrome ... injury, leading ... to increased pulmonary ... congestion with hypoxemia ... consistent with pulmonary
Bronchiectasis - Summary

What?
• Bronchiectasis is derived from the Greek words bronckos meaning airway and ectasis meaning
Chronic cough • Hypoxia ... • Mounier-Kuhn syndrome ... polycythemia from chronic hypoxia ... in the adjacent lung ... of the affected lung
Bradycardia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

BRADI Mnemonic
 • BRASH/Hyperkalemia
 • Reduced oxygen/Glucose/Temp
 • ACS
 • Drugs
 •
Glucose/Temp • ACS ... Infections BRASH Syndrome ... Hyperkalemia Pulmonary ... : • Hypoxia ... Hemochromotosis • His-Purkinje
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome - Illness Script
HPS is a pulmonary disorder of chronic liver disease characterized by a
Hepatopulmonary ... = increased Aa gradient ... presence in the lower lung ... portal HTN • Aa gradient ... #Hepatopulmonary
Abnormalities in Rate and Rhythm of Breathing 
Normal 
The respiratory rate is about 14—20 per min
including restrictive lung ... consider infarction, hypoxia ... hyperventilation syndrome—a ... Breathing In lung ... Breathing #Patterns #Pulmonary
Blood Transfusion Reactions

Immune Mediated:
 • Febrile Non-Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction (FNHTR): Most common immune reaction to transfusion.
Related Acute Lung ... Injury (TRALI): Leading ... Occurs between 0-6 hrs ... progressing to severe hypoxemia ... RBCs (stored at