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Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure (ACLF) Clinical Guidelines

ACLF = possibly reversible condition in those with CLD (± cirrhosis)
Acute-on-Chronic ... ACLF) Clinical Guidelines ... those with CLD (± cirrhosis ... Injury (DILI) ... #Failure #Cirrhosis
Indications for Albumin for Management of Cirrhosis
 • Large volume paracentesis (>5 liter) - 8g per
for Albumin for Management ... of Cirrhosis ... ascites removed • Acute ... kidney injury ( ... #Cirrhosis #treatment
Elevated Liver Function Tests (LFTs) - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Mild (<100-500): 
 • NAFLD
 • Cirrhosis
 •
Elevated Liver Function ... • NAFLD • Cirrhosis ... Hepatopathy • Acute ... (Drug-induced liver ... injury) • Ischemic
Acute Liver Injury - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Vascular Causes of Acute Liver Injury: 
 • Hepatic vein:
Acute Liver Injury ... Liver Injury: ... Liver Injury: ... Liver Injury: ... hepatitis: < 1 • Cirrhosis
Liver Chemistries - Interpretation of LFTs

R-value: Serum (ALT/ULN ALT) / (Alk phos/ULN ALP)
 • R >
Mixed - Check Acute ... injury < 26 weeks ... hepatitis: < 1 • Cirrhosis ... : > 1 • Acute ... muscle injury: >
Patterns of Liver Injury
Transaminase Levels:
  > 50x normal - Ischemic Hepatitis
  > 20x normal
Patterns of Liver ... Injury Transaminase ... > 20x normal - Acute ... CMV), Alcoholic cirrhosis ... #Patterns #Liver
Clinical manifestations of acute liver failure 

Brain: 
Hepatic encephalopathy,  
Cerebral edema,  
Intracranial hypertension,
Clinical manifestations ... of acute liver ... abnormalities Liver ... Subclinical myocardial injury ... lung injury,
Flapping tremors of Asterixis

DDx
- Decompensated cirrhosis or acute liver failure.
- Renal failure /azotemia.
- Respiratory failure with
Decompensated cirrhosis ... or acute liver ... #PhysicalExam #clinical
Causes of Gallbladder Wall Thickening - Differential Diagnosis
 • Physiologic: Contracted gall bladder in a non-fasting
heart failure, Liver ... cirrhosis, Nephrotic ... Inflammatory conditions: Acute ... , Cholangitis, Acute ... Diagnosis #radiology #POCUS
Portal Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis
Portal Pressure = the pressure difference between the pressure in the portal
>10 mmHg - clinically ... Clues to non-cirrhotic ... /acute hepatitis ... sarcoidosis) • Liver ... metastasis • Fatty liver