27 results
Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL) Injury: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Classification of PCL Iniuries
 • Partial: Translation <
Some sort of end ... Stress Test, - McMurray ... Stress Test or + McMurray ... PosteriorCruciateLigament #PCL #Injury ... #MSK #Sports #pathophysiology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Increased Loss 
 - Increased GI Loss
 - Increased Urinary
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... K-ATPase which imports ... #causes #potassium ... #low #pathophysiology
Childhood Immunization Schedule: Why we immunize
 • Diphtheria Toxin -> URT inflammation causes pseudomembrane with hardened
Tetanus Toxin -> Spores ... metabolites induce injury ... lymph -> Koplik's spots ... > Inflammation causes ... peds #pediatrics #pathophysiology
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Acute Kidney Injury ... - AKI Workup Algorithm ... osmolarity If cause ... clinical context and signs ... Acute #Kidney #Injury
Pathyophysiology - hyperglycemic crises in patients with diabetes 
Key signs/symptoms of HHS/DKA:
Both: Polyuria, polydipsia, weight loss,
Pathyophysiology ... hyperglycemic crises ... diabetes Key signs ... hypotension) DKA: Short
Uncommon Causes of Noncardiogenic Pulmonary Edema (NCPE) - Differential Diagnosis Framework

High Altitude Pulmonary Edema:
 • Accumulation
Traumatic brain injury ... nervous system injury ... • Signs/Symptoms ... • Signs/Symptoms ... - The classic signs
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
hyalinization causes ... -> Cotton-wool Spots ... -> Elschnig's Spots ... #Retinopathy #pathophysiology ... ophthalmology #diagnosis #signs
Polyarteritis Nodosa (PAN): Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Medical Comorbidities Malignancies (most commonly hairy-cell leukemia)
Immunogenetic Predisposition: patient is
Viral replication causes ... direct injury to ... PolyarteritisNodosa #Pathophysiology ... #Diagnosis #Signs
Mechanisms of Pain
Mixed - Nociceptive/Neuropathic
Nociceptive - Tissue Damage
 - Visceral - (From organ/cavity lining) Poorly localized,
Well-localized, sharp, short ... • Spinal injury ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Causes
Physiologic Skin Changes in Pregnancy - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Face
 • Melasma
Abdomen
 • Linea Nigra 
Hormone induced
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Campbell de Morgan spot ... • Chadwick's sign ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #causes