19 results
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
urine • 1ml blood ... /liter urine can ... thrombosis • Renal ... TURP/Biopsy Renal ... #urine #blood
Pruritus - Generalized Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Systemic and Primary Causes
== Primary Skin Lesions ==
Macules /
Systemic and Primary Causes ... / Systemic == Blood ... Diabetes Mellitus Liver ... • Cholestatic liver ... BUN: • Chronic renal
Causes of Lactate Elevation, Lactic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis

The most common causes of hyperlactatemia are usually:
removal from the blood ... glucose by the liver ... or renal injury ... deficiency - Renal ... lactate production Renal
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
Agents Regulating Renal ... Kidney stones caused ... Inhibitors of Renal ... Prevention of blood ... #Diuretics #Renal
Thiamine Deficiency - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Clinical Manifestations

Causes of Thiamine Deficiency:
 • Poor intake:
	- Diets
Manifestations Causes ... Diuretic use - Renal ... increase venous blood ... vascular contraction, blood ... GFR • Acute liver
Low Alkaline Phosphatase - Hypophosphatasia 

Is Low Alkaline Phosphatase Of Clinical Importance?

ALP enzyme- Discovered in 1923
Low
synthesized in: liver ... deficiency • blood ... neuropathy • Renal ... : - Renal failure ... Phosphatase: • Other causes
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) Overview

Increased Clotting and Consumption of Clotting Factors

Findings:
 • Bleeding
 • Recent history
ABO incompatible blood ... Bleeding (64%) • Renal ... DIC • Severe Liver ... Treat primary cause ... Coagulation #diagnosis #causes
Blood Product Transfusions One Pager Summary
Type and screen - determines blood type and detects in recipient
, DIC, hypoTN, renal ... Causes purpura & ... TRALI): Leading cause ... eruptions, diarrhea, liver ... more likely to cause
Blood Transfusion Reactions

Immune Mediated:
 • Febrile Non-Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction (FNHTR): Most common immune reaction to transfusion.
, DIC, hypoTN, renal ... Causes purpura & ... TRALI): Leading cause ... eruptions, diarrhea, liver ... more likely to cause
Anemia of Hospitalization - Pathophysiology

Why does the Hgb/Hct drop in the first two days during hospitalization?

Interestingly,
prolonged rest can cause ... lying down and can cause ... deficiencies • Renal ... , liver, or endocrine ... • Anemia of renal