14 results
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
- Urinary Chloride ... • Diabetic ketoacidosis ... #Urinary #Chloride ... #nephrology #differential ... #diagnosis
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
: Differential Diagnosis ... respiratory acidosis ... after renal tubule ... other • Severe potassium ... #nephrology
Hyperuricemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary - Over-production
     • Increased turnover of nucleotides
Primary
Diagnosis Algorithm ... - Under-excretion ... Hyperparathyroidism • Diabetic ... acidosis - Renal ... Cyclosporine • Diuretics
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
Excretion Carbonic ... • Metabolic alkalosis ... #Renal #Excretion ... #Diuresis #Nephrology ... #Pharmacology #Medications
Normal Anion-Gap Acidosis (NAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Workup

NAGMA
- Chem, ABG or VBG
- Calculate Anion
pH Calculate Urinary ... - RenalUrine ... Chloride Intoxication ... Surgical drains - Chronic ... #nephrology
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Ketoacidosis: Diabetic ... Renal acidosis ... Potassium-sparing ... #differential # ... #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
• K sparing diuretics ... (Uncontrolled diabetes ... Excretion: • ... Medications 2. ... #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
suggests extra-renal ... mEq/g suggests urinary ... : Emesis, Diuretics ... - Metabolic acidosis ... #potassium #nephrology
Workup for Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Rule out spurious hypophosphatemia: paraproteinemia, acute leukemia
Measure Urine Fractional Excretion
leukemia Measure Urine ... Fractional Excretion ... Malabsorption, Chronic ... FEPO4 ≥ 5% - Renal ... Inh., Osmotic diuresis
Causes of Hypomagnesemia
Redistribution:
 - IV glucose
 - Correction of diabetic ketoacidosis
 - IV hyperalimentation
 - Refeeding
Correction of diabetic ... - Potassium depletion ... Hypomagnesemia #Causes #diagnosis ... #differential # ... medications #drugs