10 results
Syncope - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Reflex Syncope:
• Vasovagal: Prolonged standing, Stress, Pain
• Situational: Coughing, Sneezing, Micturition, Defecation,
Syncope - Differential ... Volume Depletion • Medication ... Mimics: • Seizure ... #Differential # ... Diagnosis #mimics
Shock - Differential Diagnosis by Classification
Reflex Syncope 
 - Vasovagal syncope
   • Prolonged standing
Shock - Differential ... depletion - Medication ... Mimics - Seizure ... Alcohol blackout - Medication ... #Differential #
Causes of Secondary / Provoked Seizures - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Febrile
Infection
 • Sepsis
 • Encephalitis
 • Meningitis
Metabolic
Secondary / Provoked Seizures ... Hypocalcemia • Hyponatremia ... Cardiovascular • Syncope ... Secondary #Provoked #Seizures ... #Neurology #Differential
Differential Considerations for a Seizure or Seizure-like Event
The following diagnoses may have presentations that can be
for a Seizure or ... Seizure-like Event ... from seizure activity ... Cataplexy #Seizure ... #mimics #Differential
Causes of Seizures - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Unprovoked - Epilepsy:
 • Focal: Simple, Complex
 • Generalized: Absence,
Causes of Seizures ... - Differential ... Toxic: Alcohol, Medication ... Hyperglycemia, Hyponatremia ... Eclampsia, Prophyria #Seizures
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis and Treatment
Hyponatremia is usually caused by the inability to excrete water normally.
approach to the differential ... of symptomatic (seizures ... #Differential # ... #management #nephrology ... #sodium
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
thiazide-sensitive sodium ... ratio 0.5%) Differential ... tachycardia • Seizures ... Rhabdomyolysis Treatment ... Syndrome #diagnosis #nephrology
Heat Illnesses and Heat Stroke - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Heat Cramps:
 • Muscle pain or spasm -
Heat Stroke - Differential ... Dehydration - Loss of sodium ... heat illness → Hypernatremia ... consciousness, Coma/seizure ... heat #illness #differential
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) Overview

Clinico-Radiological Syndrome, characterized by:
 • Headache
 • Seizures
 • Altered mental
• Headache • Seizures ... • Headache • Seizures ... Reversible course Differential ... Constipation, Seizures ... 2-3 mEq/L • Seizures
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
 • Trauma:
	- Immobilization
	- Crush injury
	- Compartment
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential ... exertion/training - Seizures ... Hyperuricemia • Hyponatremia ... Rhabdomyolysis #Differential ... #nephrology