19 results
Classification, Differential Diagnosis, and Features of Hyponatremia According to Volume Status 

Hypervolemic hypernatremia 
 - CHF
Classification, ... Differential Diagnosis ... - Nephrotic syndrome ... #Classification ... Diagnosis #Table
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm
Hypertonic Hyponatremia: Hyperglycemia, Mannitol, Urologic irrigants
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • ADH ON (UOsm > 100):
Modified Hyponatremia ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... > 30): SIADH, Medications ... Primary polydipsia, Low ... diagnosis #sodium #nephrology
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
ADH Independent:
 • Tea and Toast Syndrome, Beer Potomania - Low solute
Hyponatremia - Differential ... Tea and Toast Syndrome ... Beer Potomania - Low ... #Differential # ... Algorithm #causes #nephrology
Hypernatremia Classification and Features According to Volume Status
 - Hypervolemic hypernatremia - Cushing's syndrome, Primary hyperaldosteronism,
Hypernatremia Classification ... - Cushing's syndrome ... #Classification ... Diagnosis #Comparison #Table ... #Nephrology
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
Renal Loses - Medications ... Hypomagnesemia #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Low ... #Magnesium #Table ... #Classification
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Differential Diagnosis ... • Euvolemic (Low ... , Cushing syndrome ... #Differential # ... Workup #Algorithm #nephrology
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Low intake 
• poor oral intake 

Renal loss 
• Medication 
• Hypomagnesemia 
•
Hypokalemia Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm Low ... Renal loss • Medication ... • Bartter's syndrome ... Algorithm #Causes #Classification
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
can be high or low ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... #differential # ... diagnosis #table ... #sodium #nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Transcellular Shift:
 • Alkalosis
 • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation 
 • Erythropoiesis
Hypokalemia - Differential ... • Refeeding syndrome ... Thyrotoxicosis Medications ... vomiting) • Low ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology
Causes of Seizures - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Unprovoked - Epilepsy:
 • Focal: Simple, Complex
 • Generalized: Absence,
of Seizures - Differential ... vasoconstriction syndrome ... Toxic: Alcohol, Medication ... Hyperglycemia, Hyponatremia ... Algorithm #Causes #neurology