10 results
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
Renal Loses - Medications ... #Diagnosis #Low ... #Magnesium #Table ... #Classification ... #Causes #Workup
Hypomagnesemia - Differential Diagnosis
Renal Causes of Hypomagnesemia - Familial:
Bartter syndrome and Gitelman syndrome, Isolated recessive hypomagnesemia,
Hypomagnesemia - Differential ... Hypomagnesemia - Acquired: Medications ... pentamidine), Hypercalcemia ... #nephrology #magnesium ... #low
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Etiology: • Medications ... only if no clear cause ... Elimination (see Table ... STOP offending medications ... Optimize volume status
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Hyperkalemia - Differential ... - Hyperosmolar states ... Impaired Renal Excretion ... Medications 2. ... diagnosis #causes
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Hyperkalemia - Differential ... - Hyperosmolar states ... Impaired Renal Excretion ... Medications 2. ... diagnosis #causes
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
 • Trauma:
	- Immobilization
	- Crush injury
	- Compartment
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential ... Management Summary Causes ... Toxins - Drugs - Statins ... per day until stable ... #treatment #nephrology
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) Overview

Clinico-Radiological Syndrome, characterized by:
 • Headache
 • Seizures
 • Altered mental
Blood transfusion, Hypercalcemia ... Reversible course Differential ... Electrolyte abnormality, Medication ... • Treatment of ... • Magnesium correction
Causes of Lactate Elevation, Lactic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis

The most common causes of hyperlactatemia are usually:
from the blood by excretion ... presentations and disease states ... LV failure - Low ... - HIV/HAART medications ... #typea #typeb #classification
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
Hyponatremia • Hypercalcemia ... Kidney stones caused ... Tolvaptan) • Treatment ... #Pharmacology #Medications ... #Table
Causes of Hypokalemia
I. Decreased intake
   A. Starvation
   B. Clay ingestion
II. Redistribution into
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Anabolic state ... Magnesium deficiency ... #Differential # ... Diagnosis #Low #