16 results
Hypertension and Altered Mental Status (AMS) - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Hypertension:
 • Hypertensive emergency
 • Hypertensive encephalopathy
Altered Mental ... Status (AMS) - Differential ... • Cocaine • NMS ... #AMS #encephalopathy ... #altered #Differential
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Extra-renal Losses ... loss (Diarrhea) Renal ... Carbenoxolone, SAME, Cushing ... SyndromeHTN ... #causes #potassium
Secondary Causes of Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertension - BP > 140/90 (>130/80 for DM)
Hypertensive urgency
- Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... multi-drug resistance) Renal ... • Steroids (Cushing's ... Unilateral RAS Metabolic
Altered Mental Status - Differential Diagnosis
 • Neurologic: Stroke, Cerebral hypoxia, Cerebral hemorrhage, Seizure, Trauma, TBI,
Altered Mental Status ... Encephalitis • Metabolic ... Other: Insomnia, HTN ... #AMS #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Causes
Primary and Secondary Causes of Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary (Essential) (95%) - Onset between age
- Renal ... • Renal parenchymal ... and bilateral renal ... syndrome or disease ... Primary #Secondary #HTN
Secondary causes of Hypertension
 • Medications, Drugs, Chemo: NSAIDS, Steroids, CNI, Alcohol, Cocaine, OCP, Licorice, MAOI,
of Hypertension ... • Medications ... Pseudoephedrine • Primary Renal ... causes: Cushing's ... differential #diagnosis
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
- Differential ... the existence of hypertension ... gastrointestinal K loss • Renal ... hypokalemia • Renal ... hyperplasia • Cushing's
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Primary Metabolic ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... hyperaldosteronism • High PRA: Renal ... , GRA, Cushing's ... #Nephrology #Causes
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm ... complications such as ... suggests extra-renal ... , Renovascular HTN ... #differential #
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
hypokalemia and metabolic ... eg, presence of renal ... : Renal artery stenosis ... Renal parenchymal ... most pts have HTN