11 results
Hypomagnesemia - Differential Diagnosis
Renal Causes of Hypomagnesemia - Familial:
Bartter syndrome and Gitelman syndrome, Isolated recessive hypomagnesemia,
Differential Diagnosis ... and Gitelman syndrome ... - Acquired: Medications ... #nephrology #magnesium ... #low
Reflex Testing - Causes of Hyporeflexia and Hyperreflexia
Focal Hyporeflexia: 
 • Radiculopathy, Mononeuropathy, Polyneuropathy, Acute stroke,
, Hypermagnesemia ... , Hypomagnesemia ... Hyperthyroidism, Serotonin ... #differential # ... diagnosis #table #neurology
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
Renal Loses - Medications ... - Hypokalemia ... #Differential # ... Diagnosis #Low # ... Classification #Causes
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Low intake 
• poor oral intake 

Renal loss 
• Medication 
• Hypomagnesemia 
•
Hypokalemia Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm Low ... Renal loss • Medication ... • Hypomagnesemia ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Causes of Seizures - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Unprovoked - Epilepsy:
 • Focal: Simple, Complex
 • Generalized: Absence,
vasoconstriction syndrome ... Toxic: Alcohol, Medication ... Hyponatremia, Hypomagnesemia ... , Hypocalcemia, ... #neurology
Drugs associated with hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia

Hypokalemia
- Shift from extracellular fluid to intracellular fluid compartment
  -
Hypokalemia ... renal Fanconi syndrome ... #Medications #differential ... #diagnosis #nephrology ... #Causes #hypomg
Hypocalcemia - Diagnosis and Management
PTH Independent (↑ PTH)
 • LOW VIT D
    -
and Management ... Independent (↑ PTH) • LOW ... Transfusions - Medications ... #endocrinology ... #differential #algorithm
Causes of Constipation in Adults
Most common
 - Inadequate fiber or fluid intake
 - Poor bowel habits
Systemic
Causes of Constipation ... , hypercalcemia, ... porphyria - Neurologic ... autonomic neuropathy Medications ... #Causes #Differential
Metabolic Causes of Kidney Stones in Children
 • Calcium Oxalate: Primary Hyperoxaluria type 1-3, Secondary Hyperoxaluria
Metabolic Causes ... type 1-4, Lowe ... disease, AD Hypocalcemic ... hypercalciuria, Familial Hypomagnesemia ... #differential #
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
, mild hypomagnesemia ... alkalosis • Normal or low ... ratio 0.5%) Differential ... #diagnosis #nephrology ... #management #pathophysiology