13 results
Acute Spinal Cord Injuries: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Anterior Cord Syndrome -> Anterior spinal artery
spinal artery injury ... #Syndromes #diagnosis ... #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms ... #msk #orthopedics
Hyperparathyroidism - Primary vs Secondary vs Tertiary 
Lab Comparison:
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism: ↑→PTH, ↑Calcium, ↑Vitamin D,
↓Phosphate • Secondary ... Symptoms: Commonly no signs ... Hyperparathyroidism #diagnosis ... #endocrinology ... #Tertiary #pathophysiology
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia - 21-Hydroxylase Deficiency - Signs and Symptoms
 • Brain: Androgenization effects, Glucocorticoid effects,
Hydroxylase Deficiency - Signs ... Early puberty, Secondary ... Hydroxylase #Deficiency #Signs ... #Symptoms #diagnosis ... #endocrinology
Femoral Head Fracture: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Posterior hip dislocation -> Impaction force from femoral
Avulsion or shearing injury ... Fractures #msk #diagnosis ... #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms ... #orthopedics
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency:
 • ACTH stimulation test - Synthetic ACTH does not stimulate cortisol secretion because
cases in which injury ... antibody test Secondary ... test - If the secondary ... Evaluation #laboratory #diagnosis ... #testing #endocrinology
What is a Boxer’s fracture?? Fracture of the 4th or 5th metacarpal neck
 - Common in
males - Usually secondary ... weeks Urgent orthopedics ... Overlying wounds or signs ... recommended if injury ... Hand #Metacarpal #Diagnosis
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
Causes of Secondary ... and Differential Diagnosis ... or acute kidney injury ... bruit or signs ... Vasculitis • Endocrinologic
Polyarteritis Nodosa (PAN): Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Medical Comorbidities Malignancies (most commonly hairy-cell leukemia)
Immunogenetic Predisposition: patient is
causes direct injury ... Hypertension - Renal ... PolyarteritisNodosa #Pathophysiology ... #Diagnosis #Signs
Varicocele: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
Primary:
 - Anatomically: the left spermatic vein drains into the left renal
spermatic vein Secondary ... : - Renal cell ... #Varicocele #Pathophysiology ... #Signs #Symptoms ... #Urology #Diagnosis
Cushing's Syndrome - Hypercortisolism - Diagnosis and Clinical Features
1) Skin
 • Thin, easily bruisable skin with
Hypercortisolism - Diagnosis ... • Acne • If secondary ... the abdomen for adrenal ... #signs #symptoms ... #endocrinology