9 results
Non-Invasive Positive Pressure Ventilation
Indications: 
 • COPD exacerbation (↓ intubation, ↓ mortality), Cardiogenic pulmonary edema (↓
Indications: • COPD ... head/neck surgery Interfaces ... Spontaneous Time (a.k.a BiLevel ... indications #pulmonary #interfaces
CPPD vs Gout

== CPPD == 

Think About CPPD When:
 • Self-limited synovitis after surgery/trauma (> 65
CPPD vs Gout ... disease states Pathophysiology ... precipitates with calcium ... Synovial Fluid: • WBCs ... Fluid Testing: • WBCs
Pseudogout: pathogenesis and clinical findings
 - Idiopathic (vast majority of cases) -> Mechanism unknown
 - Familial
> Clearance of calcium ... pyrophosphate dihydrate (CPPD ... mineralization of calcium ... and/or x-ray - CPPD ... Signs #Symptoms #Pathophysiology
Hyperuricemia: Pathogenesis and Complications

 - Hypercalcemia (due to diseases like Sarcoidosis and Hyperparathyroidism) -> Accumulation of
Accumulation of calcium ... lysis of cells (RBCs ... , WBCs, and skin ... Hyperuricemia #Pathophysiology
Pseudogout Summary - Calcium Pyrophosphate Deposition Disease (CPPD)

Pathophysiology:
Pyrophosphate produced by chondrocytes likely precipitates with calcium to
Pseudogout Summary - Calcium ... ) Pathophysiology ... precipitates with calcium ... RA • Chronic calcium ... Synovial Fluid: • WBCs
Leukostasis vs Tumor Lysis Syndrome
Leukostasis:
 • Pathophysiology: Large, immature blasts and high WBC count cause hyperviscosity
Leukostasis: • Pathophysiology ... have fever - ACS ... Lysis Syndrome: • Pathophysiology ... Elevated Cr, Low calcium ... treatment (no calcium
Low Alkaline Phosphatase - Hypophosphatasia 

Is Low Alkaline Phosphatase Of Clinical Importance?

ALP enzyme- Discovered in 1923
Low
nephrocalcinosis • CPPD ... collection with EDTA Pathophysiology ... ALP -> PPi and Calcium
Chondrocalcinosis: Calcium Pyrophosphate Dihydrate (CPPD) Deposition Disease

 - Acute CPPD precipitation into the joint space ->
Chondrocalcinosis: Calcium ... Pyrophosphate Dihydrate (CPPD ... Disease - Acute CPPD ... Chondrocalcinosis #Pseudogout #CPPD ... Signs #Symptoms #Pathophysiology
Secondary Glaucoma: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Open-Angle Secondary Glaucoma:
 • Pre-trabecular defect -> Aqueous outflow is obstructed
pigmentary particles, RBCs ... Secondary glaucoma -> Calcium ... Secondary #Glaucoma #pathophysiology