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diagnosis nephrology differential hypernatremia treatment workup alkalosis chloride epilepticus high hyperkalemia hypokalemia k low metabolic pediatrics peds physiologic rhabdomyolysis seizure
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Inadequate water intake: • Lack of access to water Extrarenal hypotonic fluid
Causes of Hypernatremia ... water Extrarenal hypotonic ... perspiration Renal ... salt intake: • Hypertonic ... #nephrology #sodium
Hyponatremia - Differential Algorithm Isotonic Hyponatremia: Hyperlipidemia, Hyperproteinemia, Recent TURP Hypotonic Hyponatremia: • Hypovolemia: Diuretics/Nephropathies, Vomiting, Diarrhea,
Algorithm Isotonic ... , Recent TURP Hypotonic ... Syndrome, Chronic Renal ... #diagnosis #causes ... #nephrology #sodium
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
time you have a case ... of hypotonic hyponatremia ... normal volume-based algorithm ... Sodium loss (diuretics ... #nephrology
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration. Step 2. Check plasma osmolality. NORMAL PLASMA
Hypernatremia Diagnosis ... Repeat the sodium ... Assess volume status ... Diagnosis #Workup #Algorithm ... #Nephrology
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypernatremia - Excess free water loss, Serum Sodium >145 mmol/L High
Causes of Hypernatremia ... water loss, Serum Sodium ... 300 mmol/kg • Hypertonic ... #Nephrology #Differential ... #Causes
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis and Treatment Hyponatremia is usually caused by the inability to excrete water normally.
attention to volume status ... 1) Is it hypotonic ... Assess volume status ... Diagnosis #Treatment #management ... #nephrology #sodium
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm 1) Check Urine Osmolality: > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Diagnosis Workup Algorithm ... mOsm/kg - Implies renal ... mechanism 2) Volume Status ... , Ingestion Renal ... #nephrology #sodium
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... of hypokalemia starts ... hypokalemia • Renal ... #causes #nephrology ... #potassium
Management of Hyponatremia Hypertonic Saline - Only indicated if patient has severe symptoms + Na < 125 Give
Management of Hyponatremia ... SIADH — look for cause ... considerations: Addison's, Renal ... #Management #algorithm ... #treatment #sodium
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary Causes of Rhabdomyolysis: • Trauma: - Immobilization - Crush injury - Compartment
Summary Causes ... Toxins - Drugs - Statins ... Hyperuricemia • Hyponatremia ... Monitor potassium ... #nephrology
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