61 results
Glomerular Diseases - Nephritic and Nephrotic Syndromes

Nephritic syndrome—due to GBM disruption. 
Hypertension. t BUN and creatinine.
RBC casts in urine ... but in severe cases ... may be in nephrotic ... Nephrotic #Syndromes #Classification ... #Proteinuria #Nephrology
Distal Renal Tubular Acidosis (RTA)  Type 1 

Totally scuppers the kidney's acidification mechanism. Will be
Will be much easier ... diagnosis with direct urine ... Failure to acidify urine ... Diagnosis #Management #Nephrology ... #Causes #Differential
Sulfa Crystals on Urine Microscopy
Sulfa Crystal!  Drug-induced crystalluria is a cause of acute renal failure
Sulfa Crystals on Urine ... crystalluria is a cause ... that has not to be ... Sulfa #Crystals #Urine ... crystalluria #clinical #nephrology
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypernatremia - Excess free water loss, Serum Sodium >145 mmol/L
High
Causes of Hypernatremia ... 145 mmol/L High Urine ... Osmotic diuresis (see ... glucosuria Low Urine ... Hypernatremia #Nephrology
Management of SIADH
Treat underlying cause:
 • Causes can include pain, primary lung pathology, post-operative phenomenon, medications,
Treat underlying cause ... : • Causes can ... Saline: • If Urine ... #hyponatremia #nephrology ... #treatment
Urine Microscopy - Casts
Acellular Casts
 • Hyaline Casts - Consists of only precipitated Tamm-Horsfell protein without
Urine Microscopy ... Non-specific, but can be ... - Believed to be ... #Urine #Microscopy ... #nephrology #interpretation
SIADH Treatment Options
1. Treat underlying cause of SIADH: Pain, Primary lung pathology, Post-operative phenomenon, Medications, Basically
SIADH Treatment ... Treat underlying cause ... potential for it to be ... 0.9% NS • If Urine ... #treatment
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis and Treatment
Hyponatremia is usually caused by the inability to excrete water normally.
Hyponatremia is usually caused ... Measure urine osmolality ... Treatment: Treatment ... the underlying cause ... #management #nephrology
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings
 • Epithelial cells - Normal
 • Renal tubular cells - Acute
Atlas of Urine Microscopy ... , but can also be ... seen if urine sample ... contamination #Urine ... key #diagnosis #nephrology
Traditionally, congestive heart failure has been classified according to severity of symptoms, first formulated by the
heart failure has been ... sometimes advanced treatment ... flare ups that cause ... HeartFailure #Staging #Classification ... #Stages #Classes