15 results
Major neurocognitive disorders (MNCD): Diagnosis and workup 

1) Clinical diagnosis Cognitive impairment + loss of autonomy
2)
neurocognitive disorders ... Cognitive impairment + loss ... hydrocephalus, HIV ... MRI, iADL scale, ... #Differential #
HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder (HAND)

Definition:
HIV-Associated Neurocognitive disorders categories:
• Asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment
• Mild neurocognitive impairment
• HIV dementia

Pathophysiology:
HIV frequently
dementia Pathophysiology ... diffuse myelin loss ... Diagnosis: MRI ... Brain parenchymal loss ... #dementia #AIDS
CNS Infection in HIV / AIDS - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Principles of HIV-Associated CNS Opportunistic Infections:
 •
HIV / AIDS - Differential ... Suspect in movement disorders ... Demyelinating disease caused ... #differential # ... diagnosis #AIDS
Allopecia - Differential Diagnosis Framework for Hair Loss

Localized / Focal Hair Loss Pattern:
 • Scarring Alopecia:
Allopecia - Differential ... Diagnosis Framework ... cellulitis of the scalp ... stress Physical Examination ... Dermatitis (Consider HIV
Blurry Vision - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Anatomical Approach to Eye Disease:
1. Lids/Lashes
2. Extraocular Muscles/Motility
3. Conjunctiva/Sclera
4. Cornea
5. Anterior
Diagnosis Framework ... vision → visual loss ... (by history or examination ... optic disk • HIV ... /AIDS or other immunosuppressive
Differential Diagnosis: New-Onset Seizure in the Elderly

STRUCTURAL:
 • Stroke/TIA, Subdural hematoma, mass
 • Traumatic Brain Injury
Differential Diagnosis ... cardiovascular causes ... loss without other ... • Sleep Disorders ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Causes of Unintentional Weight Loss - Differential Diagnosis
Malignancy 
 - Tumor effect* (esp. Gl, lung, lymphoma)
Weight Loss - Differential ... Depression, Eating disorders ... Infections: HIV ... /AIDS, Tuberculosis ... #Diagnosis #Causes
Heat Illnesses and Heat Stroke - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Heat Cramps:
 • Muscle pain or spasm -
Heat Stroke - Differential ... Diagnosis Framework ... Dehydration - Loss ... Muscle cramps, Loss ... #diagnosis #causes
Lung Infections in HIV - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Disease by CD4 Count:
Any CD4 Count:
 • Mycobacterium tuberculosis,
- Differential ... Diagnosis Framework ... factor • May cause ... #AIDS #pulmonary ... #differential #
Hearing Loss - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Hearing Loss Types:
• Conductive
• Sensorineural
• Mixed
Presbycusis is the most common type
Hearing Loss - Differential ... Diagnosis Framework ... cause unknown) ... Mitochondrial disorders ... zoster virus ○ HIV