20 results
Plain radiography of the abdomen revealed calcification of both adrenal glands. A homozygous mutation in LIPA
confirmed the diagnosis ... critical for the metabolism ... and gut, which causes ... #clincial #peds ... #infant #NEJM #
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Non-anion Gap Metabolic ... Chronic progressive kidney ... #NonGap #Metabolic ... #differential #diagnosis ... #causes #nephrology
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
GI Losses - Gastric
 • Vomiting
 • NG suction
GI
Causes of Metabolic ... - Differential Diagnosis ... MetabolicAlkalosis #NonGap ... #Nephrology #Differential ... #Causes
Acute Kidney Injury - Classification
Prerenal:
 • Dehydration
 • Heart failure (a.k.a. cardiorenal syndrome)
 • Liver failure
Acute Kidney Injury ... - Classification ... tubular necrosis (causes ... : sepsis, meds, ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
differentiating kidney ... causes • Laxative ... syndrome, Congenital adrenal ... #Hypokalemia #diagnosis ... differential #potassium #nephrology
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cause - Decreased Intake:
 • Low salt in diet
 • Exclusive D5W
- Differential Diagnosis ... unloading • Kidney ... metabolic acidosis ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... Pathophysiology #Nephrology
Causes of Non-Gap Metabolic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Normal Anion Gap (<14) (Loss of Bicarbonate) -
Causes of Non-Gap ... Metabolic Acidosis ... MetabolicAcidosis #NonGap ... #Nephrology #Differential ... #Causes
Classification of Diabetes Insipidus

Central or neurogenic diabetes insipidus:
 - Congenital - Structural malformations affecting the hypothalamus
Classification of ... Obstructive uropathy, Metabolic ... causes (e.g., hypokalemia ... #Types #Nephrology ... #Diagnosis #Differential
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
- Differential Diagnosis ... K release with intact ... infusions) - Metabolic ... #causes #potassium ... #high #nephrology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
Agents Regulating Renal ... resistance • Metabolic ... disequilibrium syndrome • Diagnosis ... stones caused by ... Excretion #Diuresis #Nephrology