8 results
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings
 • Epithelial cells - Normal
 • Renal tubular cells - Acute
red - cells Non-glomerular ... Diagnostic of glomerular ... - Up to 3 per high-power ... normal; >3 per high-power ... key #diagnosis #nephrology
Algorithm - Approach to the differential diagnosis of the patient presenting with overt glomerular proteinuria. CMV
presenting with overt glomerular ... red blood cells/high-power ... vesicular rash, ... Nephrocalcinosis causes ... nephrotic #syndrome #nephrology
Hyperuricemia: Pathogenesis and Complications

 - Hypercalcemia (due to diseases like Sarcoidosis and Hyperparathyroidism) -> Accumulation of
nephron -> Decr Glomerular ... blood - Tubular Poisons ... keto-acids) -> Poisons ... Release of purine bases ... of abnormally high
Orbital Apex Syndrome secondary to Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus (HZO)

This 81 yo male was referred to our
improvement in the rash ... other potential causes ... the condition, case ... steroids (some cases ... #physicalexam #neurology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
phlebotomy High ... Burns • Trauma/Crush ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #potassium #high ... #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
phlebotomy High ... Burns • Trauma/Crush ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #potassium #high ... #nephrology
Causes of Hyperkalemia - Reduced Excretion - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Reduced flow through distal nephron - TTKG
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... hypotension) Decreased Glomerular ... • Obstruction High ... IntercellularShift #Nephrology ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Lipiduria Pathophysiology
1) Damaged glomerular basement membrane allows plasma lipids to escape into Bowman's space and enter
Pathophysiology 1) Damaged glomerular ... and enter the glomerular ... i.e., number per high-power ... The lipid in casts ... Pathophysiology #nephrology