36 results
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Defining the cause ... measuring urinary K ... loss • Renal K ... #nephrology #potassium
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Burns • Trauma/Crush ... • Recent IV potassium ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #potassium #high ... #nephrology
Causes of Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Increased Intake
 • Reduced Excretion (IV potassium with
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... Excretion (IV potassium ... Transcellular Shift #Hyperkalemia ... #Nephrology #Differential ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Burns • Trauma/Crush ... • Recent IV potassium ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #potassium #high ... #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
treated with IV potassium ... wasting from other causes ... suggests extra-renal causes ... #differential #potassium ... #nephrology #low
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Increased Loss 
 - Increased GI Loss
 - Increased Urinary
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Stimulation of Na/K-ATPase ... which imports K+ ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes ... #potassium #low
Hyperkalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
R/O Pseudo-hyperkalemia:
 • Possible Lab error! Alwavs Repeat Blood sample!
 • Leukocytosis, Thrombocytosis:
Hyperkalemia Differential ... to excrete more K+ ... reduce plasma [K+ ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes ... #potassium #high
Potassium-Binding Agents to Treat Hyperkalemia
Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (Lokelma):
 • Mechanism: Preferentially captures K in exchange for
Potassium-Binding ... desired serum K ... constipation, diarrhea, nausea ... ); nausea, vomiting ... of aspiration #Potassium
Causes of HyperKalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Increased extracellular K+:
 • Tissue injury
 • Hemolysis
 • Rhabdomyolysis
 •
Causes of HyperKalemia ... extracellular K+ ... blockers - MCW Nephrology ... MCW_Nephrology #HyperKalemia ... Differential #Diagnosis #Causes
Causes of Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework
 • Cellular Shift:
   - Exercise
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... to Aldosterone: K ... production: TLS, Crush ... : Blood draw error ... #potassium #high