18 results
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Defining the cause ... measuring urinary K ... loss • Renal K ... #nephrology #potassium
Causes of HyperKalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Increased extracellular K+:
 • Tissue injury
 • Hemolysis
 • Rhabdomyolysis
 •
Causes of HyperKalemia ... extracellular K+ ... blockers - MCW Nephrology ... MCW_Nephrology #HyperKalemia ... Differential #Diagnosis #Causes
Hyperkalemia shortens repolarization; changes in the T wave provide the earliest clues to hyperpotassemia.
 - At
Hyperkalemia shortens ... repolarization causes ... in conduction causes ... #Diagnosis #Hyperkalemia ... #Progression #Table
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Hyperkalemia - Differential ... Burns • Trauma/Crush ... • Digoxin • K ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... potassium #high #nephrology
Potassium-Binding Agents to Treat Hyperkalemia
Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (Lokelma):
 • Mechanism: Preferentially captures K in exchange for
Agents to Treat Hyperkalemia ... desired serum K ... constipation, diarrhea, nausea ... ); nausea, vomiting ... #pharmacology #table
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Hyperkalemia - Differential ... Burns • Trauma/Crush ... • Digoxin • K ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... potassium #high #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Lysis (TLS, rhabdo/crush ... tourniquet / IVF line draw ... only if no clear cause ... Elimination (see Table ... Treatment #potassium #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Hypokalemia Evaluation ... with IV potassium(K) ... wasting from other causes ... suggests extra-renal causes ... differential #potassium #nephrology
Causes of Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework
 • Cellular Shift:
   - Exercise
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... to Aldosterone: K ... production: TLS, Crush ... : Blood draw error ... Differential #Diagnosis #Causes
Reflex Testing - Causes of Hyporeflexia and Hyperreflexia
Focal Hyporeflexia: 
 • Radiculopathy, Mononeuropathy, Polyneuropathy, Acute stroke,
Reflex Testing - Causes ... Hyporeflexia: • Hypercalcemia ... Deep coma (any cause ... differential #diagnosis #table ... #neurology