9 results
Acute Kidney Injury - Classification
Prerenal:
 • Dehydration
 • Heart failure (a.k.a. cardiorenal syndrome)
 • Liver failure
- Classification ... a.k.a. cardiorenal syndrome ... a.k.a. hepatorenal syndrome ... tubular necrosis (causes ... #diagnosis #nephrology
The Stages of Syphilis 

Primary Syphilis 
- The chancre lesion is the hallmark of primary syphilis.
Primary Syphilis ... Without treatment ... - Rash, pink ... soles in 50% of cases ... manifestations including acute
Syphilis - Clinical Manifestations and Treatment

1) Primary Syphilis
 • Direct lesion contact during sex is responsible
1) Primary Syphilis ... responsible for most cases ... loss • Skin: Rash ... Albuminuria, nephrotic syndrome ... , or acute nephritis
Acute Retroviral Syndrome
Acute Retroviral Syndrome is the symptomatic presentation of acute human immunodeficiency virus infection

 •
Syndrome Acute ... • Symptoms of primary ... (28%) • Skin rash ... • Rubella • Syphilis ... antibody test) Treatment
Guillain-Barre Syndrome - Summary

Acute AIDP that presents with rapidly progressive flaccid weakness

Epidemiology:
 • 1-2 cases/100,000 per
- Summary Acute ... Epidemiology: • 1-2 cases ... , bradycardia, urinary ... variants: (1) acute ... #neurology
Cauda Equina Syndrome Overview

Cauda Equina Syndrome:
 • Prevalence: 1:33,000-100,000 ppl/yr
 • Incidence: 1.5-3.4 million ppl/yr
 •
spine • MCC- acute ... - Emergency Causes ... infections • primary ... axial T1 and T2 Treatment ... #neurology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
Torsemide) • Acute ... Kidney stones caused ... insipidus • Primary ... Tolvaptan) • Treatment ... Excretion #Diuresis #Nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia
Transcellular Shifts:
 - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Causes of Hypokalemia ... plasma insulin (treatment ... thiazide-like diuretics), Primary ... Hypomagnesemia, Acute ... differential #diagnosis #nephrology
CNS Infections - Viral Encephalitis and Bacterial Meningitis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Viral Encephalitis:
MCC: Enteroviruses (e.g., coxsackievirus
Maculopapular rash ... • In tertiary syphilis ... can present with primarily ... Symptoms: • Acute ... differential #diagnosis #neurology