43 results
Granular & “Muddy Brown” Casts on Urine Microscopy
A. Finely granular cast B. slightly coarser granular cast
“Muddy Brown” Casts ... Finely granular cast ... coarser granular cast ... (mb) granular cast ... #Granular #MuddyBrown
Examples of varying granular and granular/waxy mixed casts: 
A: coarse granular/broad-waxy (and surrounding white blood cells);
granular/waxy mixed casts ... #Granular #MuddyBrown ... #Casts #Urine #
Aplastic Anemia Summary

 • Definition
 • Pathophysiology
 • DDx: AA vs Hypocellular MDS
 • Expectation
 •
Pathophysiology • DDx: AA ... Expectation • Rx Algorithm
Hypoxemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm by A-a Gradient

Normal A-a Gradient:
 • ↓ Atmospheric pressure
 • Hypoventilation: CNS
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #pulmonary #Aa
Algorithmic Approach to Acute Interstitial Nephritis
When to suspect AIN? (not sensitive)
 • AKI, AKD, rapidly progressive
Algorithmic Approach ... sterile pyuria, WBC casts ... proteinuria, granular casts ... Nephritis #AIN #Algorithm
Muddy Brown Sclera: Brownish discoloration of sclera occasionally seen in African Americans. 
It is a variant
Ophthalmology #Normal #MuddyBrown ... #Sclera #AA #Photo
Algorithm for diagnostic evaluation of patients with kidney cysts and polycystic kidney disease

#polycystic #kidney #disease #cysts
Algorithm for diagnostic ... patients with kidney cysts ... kidney #disease #cysts ... #Algorithm #diagnosis
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome

Step 1: If the patient has hematuria and/or proteinuria, think about nephrotic/nephritic syndromes.
Step
hematuria (RBC casts ... Syndrome #Comparison #Algorithm
Causes of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Acute increase
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Epithelial cell casts ... Obstruction • Cast ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis of Macroscopic Hematuria
Important Historical Elements:
- Painless: suggests malignancy
- Painful: suggests calculi/infection
- Urinalysis:
Algorithm and Differential ... RBC’s, RBC/WBC casts ... #Differential #Algorithm