275 results
Granular & “Muddy Brown” Casts on Urine Microscopy
A. Finely granular cast B. slightly coarser granular cast
“Muddy Brown” Casts ... Finely granular cast ... coarser granular cast ... (mb) granular cast ... #Granular #MuddyBrown
Examples of varying granular and granular/waxy mixed casts: 
A: coarse granular/broad-waxy (and surrounding white blood cells);
granular/waxy mixed casts ... #Granular #MuddyBrown ... #Casts #Urine #
Urine Microscopy - Casts
Acellular Casts
 • Hyaline Casts - Consists of only precipitated Tamm-Horsfell protein without
Urine Microscopy - Casts ... Acellular Casts ... • Hyaline Casts ... "Muddy Brown" Casts ... interpretation #diagnosis
Amyloidosis Types - Comparison Table
Proteins depositing where they shouldn't
 • AL
 • TTR
 • AA

Julia Gips,
AL • TTR • AA ... #differential #diagnosis
Aplastic Anemia Summary

 • Definition
 • Pathophysiology
 • DDx: AA vs Hypocellular MDS
 • Expectation
 •
Pathophysiology • DDx: AA ... Aplastic #Anemia #diagnosis
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings
 • Epithelial cells - Normal
 • Renal tubular cells - Acute
- Diagnostic of ... • White cell casts ... • “Muddy brown cast ... Microscopy #Atlas #key #diagnosis ... #nephrology #casts
Muddy Brown Sclera: Brownish discoloration of sclera occasionally seen in African Americans. 
It is a variant
Ophthalmology #Normal #MuddyBrown ... #Sclera #AA #Photo
Hypoxemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm by A-a Gradient

Normal A-a Gradient:
 • ↓ Atmospheric pressure
 • Hypoventilation: CNS
Hypoxemia Differential Diagnosis ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... Algorithm #pulmonary #Aa
Acute Kidney Injury - Differential Diagnosis Framework
PRERENAL:
 - Intrarenal vasoconstriction-hemodynamically mediated
 - Systemic vasodilation
 - Volume
- Differential Diagnosis ... Volume depletion - Diagnosis ... white blood cell casts ... renal tubular cell casts ... or pigmented casts
Glomerular Diseases - Nephritic and Nephrotic Syndromes

Nephritic syndrome—due to GBM disruption. 
Hypertension. t BUN and creatinine.
RBC casts in urine ... but in severe cases ... Proteinuria #Nephrology #Diagnosis