63 results
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings
 • Epithelial cells - Normal
 • Renal tubular cells - Acute
microscopy • Red cell casts ... glomerular disease • Leukocytes ... • White cell casts ... infection • Hyaline casts ... disease • Granular casts
On the left three different patients with lung cysts.
From left to right: Lymphangiomyomatosis, LIP and Langerhans
patients with lung cysts ... Cystic #Comparison #LAM ... Histiocytosis #RadiologyAssistant
The fourth pattern includes abnormalities that result in decreased lung attenuation or air-filled lesions.
These include:
- Emphysema
-
Emphysema - Lung cysts ... (LAM, LIP, Langerhans ... TractionBronchiectasis #Cysts ... Emphysema #SignetRing #RadiologyAssistant
Low Attenuation pattern 
1. Lymphangiomyomatosis (LAM): uniform cysts in woman of child-bearing age; no history of
Lymphangiomyomatosis (LAM ... ): uniform cysts ... bizarre shaped cysts ... Comparison #Table #RadiologyAssistant
Leukemias Overview: ALL, CML, AML, APML, CLL

Acute leukemias > 20% blasts in the peripheral blood smear
activity • ↓ LAP ... -> AML: Blast crises ... • Blasts > 10% leukocytes ... Neutrophils • Immature/Myeloblasts ... AML Dx: • ↑ Leukocyte
Differential diagnosis of Langerhans cell histiocytosis.
Nodular LCH:
- Sarcoidosis: perilymphatic distribution.
- Metastases: random distribution.
Cystic LCH:
- LAM: round
Cystic LCH: - LAM ... : round cysts, evenly ... CTChest #Cystic #Cysts ... Comparison #Table #RadiologyAssistant
Low Attenuation pattern (2) 
1. Centrilobular emphysema: low attenuation areas without walls. Notice the centrilobular artery
multiple thick walled cysts ... Lymphangiomyomatosis (LAM ... ): regular cysts ... Comparison #Table #RadiologyAssistant
Causes of Dysuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Pyuria - Leukocytes on Dipstick/Microscopy
 - Bacteriuria & Hematuria -
Causes of Dysuria ... Algorithm Pyuria - Leukocytes ... Pyelonephritis - WBC Casts ... No Pyuria - No Leukocytes ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Urinalysis & Urine Sodium 
Theophilus Protospatharius, a seventh-century physician who wrote the first manuscript focused exclusively
• Ketones • Leukocyte ... • Urinary casts ... dipstick #nitrite #leucocyte-esterase ... #urine #UNa #casts
Evaluation of Leukocytosis:
The term 'leukocyte' applies to any cells within the myeloblast, monoblast, & lymphoid lineages.
Include
Leukocytosis: The term 'leukocyte ... cells within the myeloblast ... precursor cells to leukocytes ... the underlying cause