10 results
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings
 • Epithelial cells - Normal
 • Renal tubular cells - Acute
• Red cell casts ... glomerular disease • Leukocytes ... • White cell casts ... • Hyaline casts ... #casts
Causes of Dysuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Pyuria - Leukocytes on Dipstick/Microscopy
 - Bacteriuria & Hematuria -
- Differential ... Algorithm Pyuria - Leukocytes ... on Dipstick/Microscopy ... Urinary Tract Infection ... Pyelonephritis - WBC Casts
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
Hematuria - Differential ... deposits - Post-infectious ... hematuria: - RBC casts ... Hematuria: • Infection ... #urology #nephrology
Urinary Casts and Disease Associations
Hyaline - May be nonspecific; seen in normal individuals or during severe
Urinary Casts and ... breakdown of cellular casts ... heme-granular casts ... 34t5DgJ #Urinary #Casts ... #Differential #
Causes of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Acute increase
Injury (AKI) - Differential ... Epithelial cell casts ... Obstruction • Cast ... polyangiitis /microscopic ... allopurinol, PPI) • Infections
Causes of Proteinuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Persistent Proteinuria >150mg/d protein present on repeat testing including overnight
- Differential ... sediment - WBC/RBC casts ... polyangiitis (GPA) / microscopic ... HSP • Post-infectious ... #Differential #
CNS Infection in HIV / AIDS - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Principles of HIV-Associated CNS Opportunistic Infections:
 •
HIV / AIDS - Differential ... present in 15% of cases ... Demyelinating disease caused ... #differential # ... opportunistic #InfectiousDiseases
Transverse Myelitis Overview

Focal inflammatory disorder of the spinal cord resulting in rapid onset of weakness, sensory
: • 1400 new cases ... • 75-90% of cases ... Abnormal in 50% of cases ... diagnosis #management #neurology ... #differential
Hearing Loss - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Hearing Loss Types:
• Conductive
• Sensorineural
• Mixed
Presbycusis is the most common type
Hearing Loss - Differential ... include a: • Neurologic ... Infection or cancer ... (80% to 90% of cases ... , CVA • Infectious
Fever After International Travel

Infectious Disease:
• Endemic in either the destination or home region

Viral Syndromes:
Arboviral infections, a
fever - Another cause ... falciparum: Most cases ... dipstick test, microscopic ... Fever #Travel #Differential ... #Diagnosis #InfectiousDiseases