45 results
Leukemias Overview: ALL, CML, AML, APML, CLL

Acute leukemias > 20% blasts in the peripheral blood smear
• Blasts > 10% leukocytes ... Neutrophils • Immature/Myeloblasts ... develop leukostasis syndrome ... AML Dx: • ↑ Leukocyte ... • Tumor lysis syndrome
Evaluation of Leukocytosis:
The term 'leukocyte' applies to any cells within the myeloblast, monoblast, & lymphoid lineages.
Include
Leukocytosis: The term 'leukocyte ... cells within the myeloblast ... part automated differential ... precursor cells to leukocytes
Algorithm for the Evaluation of Chronic Diarrhea (< 7 days)
Exclude:
1. Causes of acute diarrhea
2. Lactose intolerance
3.
Irritable bowel syndrome ... disease - Fecal leukocytes ... Malabsorption syndromes ... Irritable bowel syndrome ... workup #diagnosis #differential
Causes of Dysuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Pyuria - Leukocytes on Dipstick/Microscopy
 - Bacteriuria & Hematuria -
Causes of Dysuria - Differential ... Algorithm Pyuria - Leukocytes ... Pyelonephritis - WBC Casts ... No Pyuria - No Leukocytes ... cystitis #Dysuria #Differential
Urinary Casts and Disease Associations
Hyaline - May be nonspecific; seen in normal individuals or during severe
Urinary Casts and ... breakdown of cellular casts ... heme-granular casts ... Fatty - Nephrotic syndrome ... #Differential #
Causes of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Acute increase
Injury (AKI) - Differential ... • Hepatorenal syndromes ... Epithelial cell casts ... Obstruction • Cast ... KidneyInjury #Nephrology #Differential
Causes of Anterior Uveitis - Differential Diagnosis
Anterior Uveitis - 90% of cases of Uveitis
 • Inflammation
Anterior Uveitis - Differential ... Uveitis - 90% of cases ... Posner-Schlossman Syndrome ... bilateral up to 30% of cases ... Anterior #Uveitis #Differential
Causes of Erythema Nodosum - Mnemonic

NO cause found in 60% of cases
Drugs (antibiotics e.g., sulfonamides, amoxicillin)
Oral
found in 60% of cases ... Sarcoidosis or Lofgren's syndrome ... Mnemonic #Causes #Differential
Classification of Jaundice
Unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia (predominantly indirect bilirubin)
 • Increased bilirubin production (eg, hemolytic anemias, hemolytic reactions,
Crigler-Najjar syndrome ... Dubin-Johnson syndrome ... , Rotor syndrome ... cholestasis, and some cases ... #unconjugated #differential
Hepatomegaly - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Malignant
 • Primary Carcinoma
 • Metastases
 • Lymphoma
 • Leukemia
 • Polycythemia
Hepatomegaly - Differential ... Fatty Liver • Cysts ... • Budd-Chiari Syndrome ... #Hepatomegaly #Differential