17 results
Lower Urinary Tract Infection: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

- Predisposing Factors:  Immunocompromised state, diabetes, elderly, female
Lower Urinary Tract ... causing symptoms Signs ... (+) Nitrites, Leukocyte ... UrinaryTractInfection #LUTI #Pathophysiology ... #Signs #Symptoms
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Diagnosis Baseline ... / urinary sediment ... calcium Optional: urinary ... clinical context and signs ... #Diagnosis #nephrology
Hyperparathyroidism - Primary vs Secondary vs Tertiary 
Lab Comparison:
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism: ↑→PTH, ↑Calcium, ↑Vitamin D,
Comparison: • Primary ... Symptoms: Commonly no signs ... Hyperparathyroidism #diagnosis ... #endocrinology ... #Tertiary #pathophysiology
Causes of Urinary Incontinence - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 - Transient - Easily reversible cause (DIAPPERS)
Causes of Urinary ... Incontinence - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... • Excessive urine ... Contraction - Signs
Hypercalcemia Evaluation
1) Clinical clues
 - Is the patient symptomatic?
 - Family history?
 - Have you done
→ Primary hyperapara ... → Primary hyperpara ... FHH — check the urine ... Hypercalcemia #workup #differential ... #diagnosis #endocrinology
Emphysematous Cystitis
Epidemiology:
 • Usually middle-aged diabetic women
 • Other RF: neurogenic bladder, urinary tract outlet obstruction,
compromise Clinical Signs ... be present or signs ... Pathophysiology: ... is needed for diagnosis ... present • UA and Urine
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
Hematuria - Differential ... clots ➔ Lower Urinary ... hematuria • Signs ... Upper and Lower urinary ... #Hematuria #Differential
Hyperuricemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary - Over-production
     • Increased turnover of nucleotides
Primary
Hyperuricemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Hyperuricemia #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #endocrinology
Mixed Urinary Incontinence: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Urgency Urinary Incontinence (UUI) -> Urinary leakage preceded by a
Mixed Urinary Incontinence ... filling pushing urine ... Incontinence #Mixed #Pathophysiology ... #Signs #Symptoms ... #Urology #Diagnosis
Bandemia Overview

Normal: < 1%
Clinically significant: > 10%

Band neutrophils are slightly less mature than segmented neutrophils and
peripheral blood leukocytes ... on the left Myeloblast ... Neutrophil (Normal) Differential ... #Bandemia #differential ... CBC #hematology #pathophysiology