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White Blood Cell Maturation Chart

#Pathology #WBC #Maturation #Lineage #Chart #Leukocyte #Myeloid #Myeloblast #Lymphocyte
White Blood Cell ... Lineage #Chart #Leukocyte ... #Myeloid #Myeloblast
Urinalysis & Urine Sodium 
Theophilus Protospatharius, a seventh-century physician who wrote the first manuscript focused exclusively
Blood (hemoglobin ... • Ketones • Leukocyte ... • Red blood cells ... casts: • White blood ... dipstick #nitrite #leucocyte-esterase
Leukemias Overview: ALL, CML, AML, APML, CLL

Acute leukemias > 20% blasts in the peripheral blood smear
the peripheral blood ... Blast cells - Blood ... Neutrophils • Immature/Myeloblasts ... develop leukostasis syndrome ... • Tumor lysis syndrome
Evaluation of Leukocytosis:
The term 'leukocyte' applies to any cells within the myeloblast, monoblast, & lymphoid lineages.
Include
Leukocytosis: The term 'leukocyte ... cells within the myeloblast ... defined as white blood ... in peripheral blood ... precursor cells to leukocytes
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine
Urine K+
effective arterial blood ... Aldosterone: Cushing syndrome ... excess, Liddle syndrome ... deficiency, Bartter syndrome ... , Gitelman syndrome
What the Color of Urine Can Tell You - Differential Diagnosis by Urine Color
Clear: excess water
Pale
What the Color of Urine ... Differential Diagnosis by Urine ... blueberries, rhubarb, blood ... Purple (Purple Urine ... Syndrome): Indwelling
Algorithm for the Evaluation of Chronic Diarrhea (< 7 days)
Exclude:
1. Causes of acute diarrhea
2. Lactose intolerance
3.
Irritable bowel syndrome ... disease - Fecal leukocytes ... and occult blood ... Malabsorption syndromes ... Irritable bowel syndrome
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Investigations: full blood ... dipstick, urine ... Abdominal compartment syndrome ... screen, including blood ... • Cardio-renal syndrome
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
A urine K/Cr ratio ... • Diarrhea A urine ... losses: • High Blood ... • Low/Normal Blood ... , Gitelman syndrome
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
• 1ml blood/liter ... disease - Alport syndrome ... pain hematuria syndrome ... • Nutcracker syndrome ... #blood