19 results
VEXAS (Vacuoles, E1 enzyme, X-linked, Autoinflammatory, Somatic) Syndrome
Clinical Syndrome:
 • Common Clinical Features: alveolitis, ear and
thromboembolic disease ... vasculitis • Hematologic ... Abnormalities: macrocytic anemia ... cells NEJM Review ... Autoinflammatory #Somatic #rheumatology
Causes of Anemia with elevated Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Normal Blood Smear
 •
Causes of Anemia ... Formation • Multiple Myeloma ... Myelodysplastic Syndromes ... Macrocytosis, Target Cells ... #Causes #Hematology
Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MD) - Diagnosis and Management Summary
myelo (marrow) -dys- (abnormal) -plastic (shape) = funny-shaped cells
Management Summary myelo ... old, ~10,000 new cases ... cytopenias (usually anemia ... Management #treatment #hematology ... #oncology
Multiple Myeloma and Monoclonal Gammopathies
C - HyperCalcemia- calcium > 11 mg/dL / >1 mg/dL the ULN
R
Multiple Myeloma ... 40 ml/min A - Anemia ... plasmacytoma, POEMs syndrome ... MGUS #diagnosis #hematology ... #oncology
Overall Approach to Anemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Blood Loss
 • Acute Bleed - Normocytic / Normochromic
Overall Approach ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Chronic Bleed - Any ... Disease • Marrow ... #Causes #Hematology
Approach to Thrombocytosis - Elevated Platelet Count - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Peripheral Smear concerning for malignancy?
Approach to Thrombocytosis ... → Refer to hematology ... hemolysis, deficiency anemia ... Kawasaki, Nephrotic syndrome ... #hematology
Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS)

What?
Myelodysplastic syndromes are a group of disorders caused by blood cells that are poorly
group of disorders caused ... , or all three myeloid ... Myeloproliferative Disease ... #diagnosis #hematology ... #oncology
Diagnostic Framework for Hemolysis - Intravascular vs Extravascular Causes
Intravascular Hemolysis:
 • Mechanical Trauma (Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia):
Extravascular Causes ... ) - HELLP syndrome ... , Copper and lead ... differential #diagnosis #hematology ... #anemia
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia - Summary

Cancer affecting lymphocytes/Mature B cell neoplasm
 • Lymphocytes accumulate in large numbers
can indicate disease ... and other C Cell ... • Neutropenia, anemia ... diagnosis #workup #oncology ... #hematology
Leukemias Overview: ALL, CML, AML, APML, CLL

Acute leukemias > 20% blasts in the peripheral blood smear
extramedullary disease ... - infiltrates (anemia ... • Tumor lysis syndrome ... #Leukemia #Hematology ... #Oncology #Diagnosis