64 results
Generalized Seizures and Pseudoseizures
Generalized seizures "are conceptualized as originating as some point within, and rapidly engaging,
caused by a toxic ... and metabolic causes ... - Myoclonic Atonic ... Classification #Diagnosis #Neurology ... #Signs #Symptoms
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
Hematuria Workup ... proteinuria, RBC casts ... if cause not identified ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Workup ... #urology #blood
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Kidney Injury - AKI Workup ... Investigations: full blood ... osmolarity If cause ... clinical context and signs ... #causes
Causes of Primary Epileptic Seizures - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Focal - Non-Dyscognitive - Features of
 • Aura
Causes of Primary ... Epileptic Seizures ... Convulsive • Myoclonic ... #Neurology #Differential ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Causes of Seizures - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Unprovoked - Epilepsy:
 • Focal: Simple, Complex
 • Generalized: Absence,
Causes of Seizures ... Generalized: Absence, Myoclonic ... Eclampsia, Prophyria #Seizures ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes ... #neurology
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
• 1ml blood/liter ... urine can induce ... hematuria • Signs ... #urology #nephrology ... blood
Rouleaux in urine sediment - Urine Microscopy
Rouleaux in urine sediment. As the finding in the blood
Rouleaux in urine ... sediment - Urine ... finding in the blood ... smears, it is caused ... Microscopy #clinical #nephrology
Alzheimer’s Disease: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Risk factor for Late Onset Alzheimer's (99% of cases):
 - Increasing
Alzheimer's (99% of cases ... chromosome 21) Signs ... Motor dysfunction: myoclonic ... seizure, primitive ... geriatrics #diagnosis #signs
Simplified Approach to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)
1) IS THIS AN EMERGENCY? 
Is there a dialysis indication
require urgent nephrology ... are caused by prerenal ... IMPROVEMENT If the urine ... KidneyInjury #simplified #workup ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
Hypertension - Workup ... hypertension and signs ... renal bruit or signs ... Neurologic disorders ... #Hypertension #Workup