12 results
Floaters - Differential Diagnosis Framework

What?
Vitreous Floaters:
• Microscopic collagen fibers within the vitreous that tend to clump
shadows on the retina ... suggestive of retinal ... floaters: • Myopia ... colored lights, bilateral ... hypotension - bilateral
Primary and Secondary Causes of Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary (Essential) (95%) - Onset between age
Primary and Secondary ... No features of secondary ... Hypertension Secondary ... unilateral and bilateral ... Hypertension #Primary #Secondary
Retinoblastoma: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Sporadic mutation -> One allele of RB1 tumor suppressor gene
of the cell -> Bilateral ... absent or partial retinal ... spread • Sub-retinal ... visual acuity - Retinal ... Pseudo-hypopyon • Secondary
Secondary Causes of Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertension - BP > 140/90 (>130/80 for DM)
Hypertensive urgency
Secondary Causes ... 3+) Consider secondary ... multi-drug resistance) Renal ... Liddle's syndrome • Bilateral ... Hypertension #HTN #Secondary
Natural History of Syphilis
Primary - 2-6 weeks after infection
 • Chancre, Regional lymphadenopathy
Early Latent ≤ 1
Natural History ... infection • Chancre, Regional ... • Asymptomatic Secondary
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis and Screening Testing
Common causes: 
 • Renal parenchymal disease
Causes of Secondary ... evaluate cause of renal ... abdominal CT, Bilateral ... selective renal ... Acromegaly #Secondary
Photophobia and Headache - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Why?
• The coexistence of photophobia and headache suggests the potential
pathways occur at the retina ... activation of retina-driven ... photophobia - Bilateral ... headache: - Bilateral ... - Miosis Secondary
Syphilis - Clinical Manifestations and Treatment

1) Primary Syphilis
 • Direct lesion contact during sex is responsible
produce a chancre → Bilateral ... regional lymphadenopathy ... treatment. 2) Secondary ... ; Alopecia • Renal ... : • Primary, secondary
Transverse View Bladder Anatomy on POCUS

Peritoneal fluid collects superior to the bladder, best appreciated in a
hypoechoic areas are seminal ... vesicles, which merge secondary ... to inadequate lateral
Posterior staphyloma on Fundoscopy Ocular Examination

Patient presents bilateral posterior staphylomas and areas of scarring and fibrosis
Patient presents bilateral ... of the fovea, secondary ... staphyloma #Scarring #Retina