33 results
Floaters - Differential Diagnosis Framework

What?
Vitreous Floaters:
• Microscopic collagen fibers within the vitreous that tend to clump
Floaters - Differential ... shadows on the retina ... suggestive of retinal ... floaters: • Myopia ... #Floaters #Differential
Inherited Defects in Kidney Tubule Epithelial Cells

Renal glucosuria - Na+-dependent glucose cotransporter
Cystinuria - Amino acid transporter
Bartter
Epithelial Cells Renal ... syndrome - Na-K-2Cl ... barrtin (recruits Cl ... receptor Distal renal ... Nephrology #Diagnosis #Differential
Approach to Acid Base Disorders - Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis
1) Start with the Anion Gap (AG).
2)
Approach to Acid Base ... Evaluation and Differential ... than expected based ... Differential Diagnosis ... Evaluation #workup #Differential
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Urinary Chloride
 • Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential ... Kidney loss of Cl ... - Loss of Cl ... • Normal acid-base ... Metabolic #Alkalosis #Differential
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential ... NGT suction, Low Cl ... • High Urine Cl ... hyperaldosteronism • High PRA: Renal ... Metabolic #Alkalosis #Differential
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Algorithm Extra-renal ... • Normal Acid-Base ... loss (Diarrhea) Renal ... #Hypokalemia #Differential
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting, NGT
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential ... NGT suction, Low Cl ... • High Urine Cl ... hyperaldosteronism • High PRA: Renal ... Metabolic #Alkalosis #Differential
Urine Anion Gap in NAGMA
NA + K - Cl = surrogate for Urine NH4+
NH4+ is excreted
NAGMA NA + K - Cl ... excreted with Cl ... RTA (nb ↑K) - Renal ... NAGMA #diagnosis #differential
Acid Base Disorders Worksheet

Step 1: Gather the necessary data (Na+, CI-, HCO3-, PH, pCO2). Preferably, all
Acid Base Disorders ... anion gap (Na - Cl ... diagnoses using the differentials ... joshsteinbergMD #Acid #Base ... Worksheet #diagnosis #differential
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Acid Base Disorders ... Differentials? ... (AG) = {Na - (Cl ... bloodgas #Acid #Base ... #Gas #VBG #differential