33 results
Inherited Defects in Kidney Tubule Epithelial Cells

Renal glucosuria - Na+-dependent glucose cotransporter
Cystinuria - Amino acid transporter
Bartter
Epithelial Cells Renal ... syndrome - Na-K-2Cl ... receptor Distal renal ... Nephrology #Diagnosis #Differential ... #Table
Floaters - Differential Diagnosis Framework

What?
Vitreous Floaters:
• Microscopic collagen fibers within the vitreous that tend to clump
Floaters - Differential ... shadows on the retina ... suggestive of retinal ... floaters: • Myopia ... #Floaters #Differential
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential ... NGT suction, Low Cl ... • High Urine Cl ... hyperaldosteronism • High PRA: Renal ... Metabolic #Alkalosis #Differential
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting, NGT
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential ... NGT suction, Low Cl ... • High Urine Cl ... hyperaldosteronism • High PRA: Renal ... Metabolic #Alkalosis #Differential
Classification, Differential Diagnosis, and Features of Hyponatremia According to Volume Status 

Hypervolemic hypernatremia 
 - CHF
Classification, Differential ... Drugs - SIADH Renal ... Classification #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Table
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis - Impaired Excretion vs Redistribution

Impaired Urinary Excretion 
 - Renal failure
 -
Hyperkalemia - Differential ... Excretion - Renal ... #Hyperkalemia #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Table
Urine Anion Gap in NAGMA
NA + K - Cl = surrogate for Urine NH4+
NH4+ is excreted
NAGMA NA + K - Cl ... excreted with Cl ... RTA (nb ↑K) - Renal ... NAGMA #diagnosis #differential
Etiologies of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis
GI losses / Insensible losses
Sodium Overload
Transcellular Movement of Water
Central Diabetes Insipidus
Hypernatremia - Differential ... hypokalemia - Various renal ... diseases (e.g. renal ... Hypernatremia #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Table
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Poor Intake 
 - Starvation
 - Anorexia
GI Losses 
 - Vomiting / NG
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Mineralocorticoid excess - Renal ... #Hypokalemia #Differential ... Low #Potassium #Table
Hypermagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism
Renal Failure 
Excessive Mg Administration 
 - Massive PO intake
by Mechanism Renal ... Hypermagnesemia #Differential ... High #Magnesium #Table