12 results
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
(AG) = {Na - (Cl ... salicylates) R Renal ... - Diarrhea - Renal ... acidosis/Chronic renal ... Nephrology #ABG #bloodgas
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Primary Metabolic ... Alkalosis - Differential ... hyperaldosteronism • High PRA: Renal ... aldosteronism #Metabolic ... Algorithm #Nephrology #Causes
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis and Management Summary

Trauma:
 • Immobilization, Crush iniury, Compartment syndrome, Electrical injury
Exertional:
 •
, Heat stroke, Metabolic ... HYPOTENSION -> renal ... vasocontriction-> decreased renal ... renal ischemia ... Cast formation: Renal
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
 • Trauma:
	- Immobilization
	- Crush injury
	- Compartment
Heat stroke - Metabolic ... HYPOTENSION → renal ... vasoconstriction → decreased renal ... perfusion → renal ... Cast formation: Renal
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
damage such as retinal ... hypokalemia and metabolic ... eg, presence of renal ... : Renal artery stenosis ... Renal parenchymal
Causes of Lactate Elevation, Lactic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis

The most common causes of hyperlactatemia are usually:
Lactic Acidosis - Differential ... sweat) - its metabolism ... contribution of liver or renal ... deficiency - Renal ... lactate production Renal
Short Stature - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Normal Variant, Normal Puberty Onset (BA = CA)
 • Familial Short
Short Stature - Differential ... Panhypopituitarism Treatment ... Celiac, IBD) • Renal ... CHF) • Inborn Metabolism ... endocrinology #causes
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
Agents Regulating Renal ... resistance • Metabolic ... Kidney stones caused ... Inhibitors of Renal ... #Diuretics #Renal
Classification of Diabetes Insipidus

Central or neurogenic diabetes insipidus:
 - Congenital - Structural malformations affecting the hypothalamus
Acquired - Primary renal ... Obstructive uropathy, Metabolic ... causes (e.g., hypokalemia ... Treatment is aimed ... Nephrology #Diagnosis #Differential
The crusade against “Ab”Normal Saline continues.  This is a non-physiologic fluid that can harm our
K+ in the ECF causes ... increased risk of renal ... induces renal vasoconstriction ... which reduces renal ... showing reduced renal