17 results
Ketosis Disorders
Ketone bodies are a normal metabolic energy source. Excessive unregulated production of ketones, often accompanied
) — seen in chronic ... • Diabetic ketoacidosis ... (DKA) - caused ... #diagnosis #management ... #endocrinology
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Acute or chronic ... ABG And BMP Normal ... Diagnosis: Causes ... Ketoacidosis (starvation, diabetic ... Interpretation #Diagnosis
Approach to Acid Base Disorders - Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis
1) Start with the Anion Gap (AG).
2)
Do you need an ABG ... adding ~0.05 to pH ... Differential Diagnosis ... Disorders #Evaluation #workup ... Diagnosis #acidosis
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - Diagnosis and Management Summary

Symptoms:
• Abdominal pain
• Nausea
• Polyuria
• Polydipsia
• Vomiting
• Weight loss
•
(DKA) - Diagnosis ... Abdominal pain • Nausea ... > 18 mEq/L 2) pH ... > 7.3 3) AG < ... #Endocrinology
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - Diagnosis and Management Summary

Symptoms:
• Abdominal pain
• Nausea
• Polyuria
• Polydipsia
• Vomiting
• Weight loss
•
(DKA) - Diagnosis ... Abdominal pain • Nausea ... > 18 mEq/L 2) pH ... > 7.3 3) AG < ... #Endocrinology
Metformin Pharmacology Summary
Mechanisms of Action:
 • Suppresses gluconeogenesis by the liver
 • Increases insulin-mediated glucose utilization
mechanisms within the gut ... agent • Does not cause ... Contraindications: • Chronic ... causing lactic acidosis ... #diabetes #endocrinology
Normal Anion-Gap Acidosis (NAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Workup

NAGMA
- Chem, ABG or VBG
- Calculate Anion
Diagnosis Framework ... and Workup NAGMA ... - Chem, ABG or ... Surgical drains - Chronic ... #Diagnosis #Workup
Hyperuricemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary - Over-production
     • Increased turnover of nucleotides
Primary
Hyperparathyroidism • Diabetic ... acidosis - Renal ... • Alcohol #gout ... #endocrinology ... #causes
Acute and Chronic Causes of Dyspnea - Differential Diagnosis
Pulmonary/Chest Wall:
 • Acute: Trauma, COPD exacerbation, Asthma
Causes of Dyspnea ... - Differential ... monoxide poisoning, DKA ... : Metabolic acidosis ... #Causes #Differential
Lactic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Type A: Impaired O2 Delivery (DO2)
 • Decreased O2 Delivery: Hypotension
- Differential Diagnosis ... Beta-Agonists, ↑ work ... Leukemia/Lymphoma), Diabetes ... Mellitus +/- DKA ... • Presents as AG