12 results
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
osmolarity If cause ... investigations abnormal ... clinical context and signs ... #Diagnosis #nephrology ... #causes
Hoffman's sign. Even in this specific case, accompanied by a clonus outline (rhythmic contractions). The median
Hoffman's sign. ... this specific case ... #Reflex #Positive ... #Abnormal #clinical ... #video #neurology
The Neurological Evaluation of a Comatose Patient

Definition:
 • Coma: a state of unresponsiveness; the absence of
consciousness Differential ... etiology of coma Abnormal ... movements; also normal ... flexion withdrawal, abnormal ... decortication), abnormal
Approach to Hypomagnesemia 

Fractional excretion of magnesium = (urine magnesium x serum creatinine)/ [0.7 (serum magnesium
magnesium into cells ... renal function is normal ... Hypomagnesemia #algorithm #differential ... #diagnosis #causes ... #nephrology #magnesium
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
time you have a case ... remember than the normal ... Renal Losses (AKI ... #Hyponatremia #differential ... table #sodium #nephrology
Heat Illnesses and Heat Stroke - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Heat Cramps:
 • Muscle pain or spasm -
Heat Stroke - Differential ... Rhabdomyolysis - AKI ... → Syncope • Signs ... - Core temp normal ... #diagnosis #causes
Spinal Cord Disorders - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Spinal cord neurological lesion:
Clinical findings:
 • Symptoms and signs below
• Symptoms and signs ... injury • Gait is abnormal ... Non-compressive Spinal Cord Causes ... dysfunction • Abnormal ... reflexes: Areflexia
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) Summary
ALS: combination of the clinical examination finding of amyotrophy with the pathologic
- Causes progressive ... Increased Jaw Jerk reflex ... Escorial criteria uses ... conditions listed in differential ... Lateral #Sclerosis #neurology
CNS Infections - Viral Encephalitis and Bacterial Meningitis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Viral Encephalitis:
MCC: Enteroviruses (e.g., coxsackievirus
Mildly decreased/Normal ... glucose level, • Normal ... Acute meningeal signs ... <40 mg/dL • Normal ... #diagnosis #neurology
Transverse Myelitis Overview

Focal inflammatory disorder of the spinal cord resulting in rapid onset of weakness, sensory
Spasticity - Reflexes ... • Bilateral signs ... Sjogren's • CSF: - Abnormal ... • Infectious causes ... #differential