8 results
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
of UTI, urine WBCs ... , or urine nitrites ... → Urine culture ... Nephrology if cause ... urology #blood #urine
Hypercalcemia Evaluation
1) Clinical clues
 - Is the patient symptomatic?
 - Family history?
 - Have you done
Evaluation 1) Clinical clues ... FHH — check the urine ... Hypercalcemia #workup ... #differential #diagnosis ... #endocrinology
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Note: in DKA, body K+ is lost
out of cells may cause ... renal function/urine ... Signs/Symptoms/Complications ... DiabeticKetoacidosis #DKA #pathophysiology ... #endocrinology
21-Hydroxylase Deficiency (21-OHD): Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Autosomal recessive mutation in CYP21A2 coding for the enzyme 21-OHase
enzyme 21-OHase causes ... Signs/Symptoms/Complications ... non-arousable, decr urine ... #21HydroxylaseDeficiency #21OHD #pathophysiology ... #genetics #endocrinology
Pulmonary Renal Syndromes - OnePager Summary
Autoimmune ANCA vasculitis (AAV): GPA (granulomatous with polyangiitis), EGPA (eosinophilic granulomatosis
mononeuritis multiplex WORKUP ... Anti-GBM antibody • Urine ... : UA, Urine protein ... or serologies + symptoms ... Goodpasture's cause
Mixed Urinary Incontinence: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Urgency Urinary Incontinence (UUI) -> Urinary leakage preceded by a
filling pushing urine ... SUI or UUI not caused ... Incontinence #Mixed #Pathophysiology ... #Signs #Symptoms ... #Urology #Diagnosis
Cushing's Syndrome - Hypercortisolism - Diagnosis and Clinical Features
1) Skin
 • Thin, easily bruisable skin with
Hypercortisolism - Diagnosis ... ↑ 24-hour urine ... Hypercortisolism #Diagnosis ... #signs #symptoms ... #endocrinology
Paget’s Disease: Complications
Abnormal Osteoclasts cause excessive bone turnover -> Incr bone resorption, Incr (abnormal) bone formation

MSK
Abnormal Osteoclasts cause ... Ca2+] load, Incr urine ... PagetsDisease #pathophysiology ... #diagnosis #signs ... #symptoms #complications