33 results
diagnosis management signs differential treatment urology algorithm complications urinarytractinfection diabetes gout hyperuricemia hyponatremia lower luti neurology rhabdomyolysis syndrome workup 21hydroxylasedeficiency
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
nephrolithiasis • Symptoms ... of UTI, urine WBCs ... , or urine nitrites ... → Urine culture ... urology #blood #urine
Lower Urinary Tract Infection: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings - Predisposing Factors: Immunocompromised state, diabetes, elderly, female
urethra), stagnant urine ... systems, or stagnant urine ... repetitive outward urine ... Tenderness - Urine ... ) Foul, turbid urine
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings • Note: in DKA, body K+ is lost
out of cells may cause ... renal function/urine ... Signs/Symptoms/Complications ... DiabeticKetoacidosis #DKA #pathophysiology ... #endocrinology
Upper Urinary Tract infection (UUTI): Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings Predisposing Factors: - Immunocompromised, Diabetes, - Elderly, Female
) - Stagnant urine ... system, stagnant urine ... UrinaryTractInfection #UUTI #Pathophysiology ... #Signs #Symptoms
21-Hydroxylase Deficiency (21-OHD): Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings Autosomal recessive mutation in CYP21A2 coding for the enzyme 21-OHase
enzyme 21-OHase causes ... Signs/Symptoms/Complications ... non-arousable, decr urine ... #21HydroxylaseDeficiency #21OHD #pathophysiology ... #genetics #endocrinology
SGLT2 Inhibitors SGLT2 inhibitors are the newest class of anti-diabetic medications, with the first one (Canagliflozin)
kidney), which causes ... glucose in the urine ... excretion in the urine ... DM2 #Diabetes #Endocrinology
Growth Hormone Excess - Pathogenesis and clinical findings • Acromegaly and gigantism share the same pathophysiology
share the same pathophysiology ... • Other rare causes ... diagnosis #signs #symptoms ... #endocrinology ... #pathophysiology
Cauda Equina Syndrome Causes: • Large lumbar degenerative disc herniation (central) • Severe lumbar spondylosis • Neoplasm
Equina Syndrome Causes ... etc) in lumbar spine ... Signs / Symptoms ... Syndrome #MSK #pathophysiology ... #diagnosis #symptoms
Hypercalcemia Evaluation 1) Clinical clues - Is the patient symptomatic? - Family history? - Have you done
Evaluation 1) Clinical clues ... FHH — check the urine ... differential #diagnosis #endocrinology
Hypertonic Saline for Treatment of Hyponatremic Encephalopathy 1) 100 ml bolus of 3% NaCl over 10 min.
Hypertonic Saline ... Symptoms improve ... improved headache and nausea ... L. 5) Monitor urine ... #Hypertonic #Saline
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