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Endocarditis - Overview and Differential Diagnosis Framework

Who?
Infectious:
• Pre-existing valvular disease
• Prosthetic valve
• Congenital heart disease
• IV
- Overview and Differential ... aureus, Coagulase-negative ... Cerebral > Splenic, Pulmonary ... #Endocarditis #Differential ... Diagnosis #cardiology #infectiousdiseases
Microorganisms Responsible for Infective Endocarditis

Native valves:
 - Streptococcus viridans 
 - Enterococci 
 - Other streptococci
epidermidis - Gram-negative ... ) - Culture negative ... Enterococci - Gram-negative ... Pathogens #Diagnosis #Differential ... #InfectiousDiseases
Differential Diagnosis of Hemoptysis #Diagnosis #EM #IM #InfectiousDisease #Pulmonary #Hemoptysis #Extrapulmonary #Differential #Algorithm #Assessment #Ddxof
Differential Diagnosis ... Diagnosis #EM #IM #InfectiousDisease ... #Pulmonary #Hemoptysis ... Extrapulmonary #Differential
Noncardiogenic Pulmonary Edema - Differential Diagnosis Framework

NCPE Pathophysiology:
Noncardiogenic pulmonary edema occurs because of excessive pulmonary capillary
Edema - Differential ... • Normal or negative ... pg/ml EKG: • Negative ... infarction • Gram negative ... #edema #NCPE #differential
Causes of Relative Bradycardia - Note the propensity for intracellular organisms.
Infectious: 
Legionella, Psittacosis, Q fever, Typhoid
Causes of Relative ... Drug fever #relative ... bradycardia #Causes #differential ... #diagnosis #infectiousdiseases
Endocarditis Algorithm - Infective vs Noninfective Causes
Noninfective:
 • Malignancy
 • Autoimmune disease
 • Systemic infection
Native Valve
Systemic infection Native ... HACEK • Culture-negative ... epidermidis • Gram-negative ... Enterococcus • Gram-negative ... Noninfective #Causes #Differential
Transplant Infections Timeline
Pre-transplant:
 • Common bacteria (endogenous): Staphylococci (skin), Gram-negative bacilli (gut)
 • Viruses: HSV (reactivation)
Engraftment:
Staphylococci (skin), Gram-negative ... Staphylococci (skin), Gram-negative ... Infections #Timeline #differential ... diagnosis #causes #infectiousdiseases
Causes of blood culture negative infective endocarditis

Bartonella spp, Brucella spp, Coxiella burnetii, Chlamydia spp, Tropheryma whipplei,
blood culture negative ... BCNIE #Causes #differential ... causes #culture #negative ... #Endocarditis #InfectiousDiseases
Table 3. Suggested Empiric Treatment Options for Clinically Suspected Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia in Units Where Empiric Methicillin-Resistant
Antipseudomonal/Gram-Negative ... Appropriate #Management #InfectiousDiseases
Characteristics of Selected Pneumonias

Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus). Gram-positive diplococci. 
Haemophilus influenzae. Pleomorphic gram-negative coccobacilli. 
Staphylococcus aureus. Plump
Pleomorphic gram-negative ... Plump gram-negative ... Gram-negative rods ... Gram-negative rods ... #Presentation #Pulmonary