3923 results
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) - Summary

GERD: Diagnosis
• Heartburn (substernal burning sensation) and acid regurgitation
• Chest pain
Extraesophageal
Laryngeal and pulmonary ... PPI failure + negative ... a first-degree relative ... Disease #diagnosis #management
Intraoperative Laryngospasm and Stridor - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia

❶ Call for help and inform theatre
has developed negative-pressure ... pulmonary oedema ... Checklist #Diagnosis #Management
Important Biostatistics and Epidemiology Equations

Sensitivity = TP / (TP + FN) = true positives / disease
FP + TN) = true negatives ... all positives Negative ... FN + TN) = true negatives ... / all negatives ... Specificity) Negative
Characteristics of Selected Pneumonias

Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus). Gram-positive diplococci. 
Haemophilus influenzae. Pleomorphic gram-negative coccobacilli. 
Staphylococcus aureus. Plump
Pleomorphic gram-negative ... Plump gram-negative ... Gram-negative rods ... Gram-negative rods ... #Presentation #Pulmonary
Community Acquired Pneumonia (CAP) - Diagnosis and Management

Pneumonia Signs/Symptoms:
 • Confusion/disorientation (LR + 1.9)
 • Cough
Diagnosis and Management ... screening: High negative ... CAP #Diagnosis #Management ... #treatment #Pulmonary
Endocarditis Summary

Who?
Infectious:
• Pre-existing valvular disease
• Prosthetic valve
• Congenital heart disease
• IV substance use
• IV catheter
• Recent
• Coagulase-negative ... Cerebral > Splenic, pulmonary ... Endocarditis #diagnosis #management
Noncardiogenic Pulmonary Edema - Differential Diagnosis Framework

NCPE Pathophysiology:
Noncardiogenic pulmonary edema occurs because of excessive pulmonary capillary
Noncardiogenic Pulmonary ... Noncardiogenic pulmonary ... • Normal or negative ... pg/ml EKG: • Negative ... infarction • Gram negative
It is important to recognize Acute Decompensated Heart Failure (ADHF) as more than just simply a
with presence of pulmonary ... have achieved negative ... differential #algorithm #management
Microorganisms Responsible for Infective Endocarditis

Native valves:
 - Streptococcus viridans 
 - Enterococci 
 - Other streptococci
Endocarditis Native ... epidermidis - Gram-negative ... ) - Culture negative ... Enterococci - Gram-negative ... streptococci - Culture negative
Endocarditis Algorithm - Infective vs Noninfective Causes
Noninfective:
 • Malignancy
 • Autoimmune disease
 • Systemic infection
Native Valve
Systemic infection Native ... Staphylococcus lugdunensis Native ... HACEK • Culture-negative ... epidermidis • Gram-negative ... Enterococcus • Gram-negative