14 results
Hypernatremia Classification and Features According to Volume Status
 - Hypervolemic hypernatremia - Cushing's syndrome, Primary hyperaldosteronism,
Hypernatremia Classification ... - DI, Central Dl ... #Features #Diagnosis ... #Comparison #Table ... #Nephrology
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis
Inadequate water intake:
 • Lack of access to water
Extrarenal hypotonic fluid
Causes of Hypernatremia ... - Differential Diagnosis ... Osmotic diuresis • Central ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Causes #nephrology
Generalized Seizures and Pseudoseizures
Generalized seizures "are conceptualized as originating as some point within, and rapidly engaging,
seizure caused ... hyperglycemia, hyponatremia ... Pseudoseizures #GrandMal #Classification ... #Diagnosis #Neurology ... Signs #Symptoms #Comparison
The head impulse test (HIT) result is positive (abnormal) in nearly all patients with a peripheral
with a peripheral cause ... of AVS and negative ... cause of AVS. ... #Diagnosis #PhysicalExam ... #Neurology #AVS
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
time you have a case ... of hypotonic hyponatremia ... (or too little relative ... #differential #diagnosis ... table #sodium #nephrology
Classification of Diabetes Insipidus

Central or neurogenic diabetes insipidus:
 - Congenital - Structural malformations affecting the hypothalamus
Classification of ... Diabetes Insipidus Central ... uropathy, Metabolic causes ... #Types #Nephrology ... #Diagnosis #Differential
Differentiating NBTE from Infective Endocarditis
No pathognomonic signs/symptoms or echo features that are specific to NBTE, and
is required for diagnosis ... Frequent false-negative ... intravenous drug use, Central ... in up to 30% of cases ... #Endocarditis #comparison
Characteristics of Peripheral and Central Vertigo
PERIPHERAL VERTIGO
 • Onset: Sudden
 • Intensity: Severe initially, often decreasing
Peripheral and Central ... with vascular causes ... #Vertigo #diagnosis ... signs #symptoms #comparison ... #neurology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
disequilibrium syndrome • Diagnosis ... Kidney stones caused ... Desmopressin (DDAVP) • Central ... and euvolemic hyponatremia ... Excretion #Diuresis #Nephrology
CNS Infections - Viral Encephalitis and Bacterial Meningitis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Viral Encephalitis:
MCC: Enteroviruses (e.g., coxsackievirus
- Differential Diagnosis ... Photophobia • Nausea ... in 70%-85% • Negative ... Monocytogenes or gram negative ... #neurology #meningitis